法蘭克·奈特

法蘭克·奈特
出生	Frank Hyneman Knight (1885-11-07)1885年11月7日 伊利諾伊州麥克萊恩縣
逝世	1972年4月15日(1972歲—04—15)（86歲） 伊利諾伊州芝加哥
研究机构	康乃爾大學 芝加哥大學 艾奧瓦大學
研究领域	風險理論 利潤理論 價值理論
学派	芝加哥學派
母校	密爾幹大學 田納西大學 康乃爾大學
博士導師	Allyn A. Young Alvin S. Johnson
博士生	米爾頓·佛利民 乔治·斯蒂格勒 Charles E. Lindblom 詹姆斯·M·布坎南
受影响于	Clarence Edwin Ayres John Bates Clark Herbert J. Davenport
影响于	罗纳德·科斯 張五常 乔治·斯蒂格勒 米爾頓·佛利民 詹姆斯·M·布坎南 Charles E. Lindblom 大卫·洛克菲勒
贡献	奈特氏不確定性
奖项	Francis A. Walker Medal (1957)

法蘭克·海尼曼·奈特（英語：Frank Hyneman Knight，1885年11月7日—1972年4月15日），生於美國伊利諾州麥克萊恩縣，經濟學家，曾提出奈特氏不確定性。芝加哥大學教授，為芝加哥學派的先驅與建立者之一。

生平

他在康乃爾大學取得經濟學博士學位。由博士論文，他發展出他的成名作《風險、不確定性與利潤》（Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit）。

取得學位後，他長期在芝加哥大學經濟系任教，被認為是芝加哥經濟學派的壂基者之一。其學生中，包括米爾頓·佛利民、喬治·斯蒂格勒、詹姆斯·麥基爾·布坎南等人皆是諾貝爾獎得主。罗纳德·科斯雖然不是他的學生，但曾說過他的思想受到法蘭克·奈特作品的影響很大。

1950年，擔任美國經濟學會主席。

著作

• "The Concept of Normal Price in Value and Distribution", 1917, QJE.
• "Cassel's Theoretische Sozialökonomie", 1921, JPE.
• "Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit", 1921
• "Ethics and the Economic Interpretation", 1922, QJE (repr. in 1999, I)
• "The Ethics of Competition", 1923, QJE (repr. in 1999, I)
• "Business Management: Science or Art? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", 1923 Journal of Business.
• "Some Fallacies in the Interpretation of Social Cost", 1924, QJE (repr. in 1999, I)
• "The Limitations of Scientific Method in Economics", 1924, in Tugwell, editor, Trend of Economics (repr. in 1999, I)
• "Fact and Metaphysics in Economic Psychology", 1925, AER (repr. in 1999, I)
• "A Note on Professor Clark's Illustration of Marginal Productivity", 1925, JPE.
• "Economic Psychology and the Value Problem", 1925, QJE.
• "Economics at its Best: Review of Pigou", 1926, AER.
• "Historical and Theoretical Issues in the Problem of Modern Capitalism", 1928, Journal of Econ & Business History (repr. in 1956 & 1999, I)
• "A Suggestion for Simplifying the Statement of the General Theory of Price", 1928, JPE.
• "Freedom as Fact and Criterion", 1929, Int J of Ethics
• "Statics and Dynamics: Some queries regarding the mechanical analogy in economics", 1930, ZfN (repr. in 1956 & 1999, I)
• "Professor Fisher's Interest Theory: A case in point", 1931, JPE.
• "Modern Economic Society Further Considered", 1932, JPE.
• "The Newer Economics and the Control of Economic Activity", 1932, JPE (repr. in 1999, I)
• The Economic Organization, 1933.
• "Capitalistic Production, Time and the Rate of Return", 1933, in Essays in Honor of Gustav Cassel (repr. in 1999, I)
• "The Nature of Economic Science in Some Recent Discussion", 1934, AER.
• "Social Science and the Political Trend", 1934, Univ of Toronto Quarterly
• "Common-Sense of Political Economy: Wicksteed Reprinted", 1934, JPE (repr. in 1956)
• The Ethics of Competition and Other Essays, 1935.
• "The Ricardian Theory of Production and Distribution", 1935, Canadian JE (repr. in 1956 & 1999, I)
• "A Comment on Machlup", 1935, JPE.
• "Professor Hayek and the Theory of Investment", 1935, EJ.
• "The Theory of Investment Once More: Mr. Boulding and the Austrians", 1935, QJE.
• "Some Issues in the Economics of Stationary States", 1936, AER.
• "The Place of Marginal Economics in a Collectivist System", 1936, AER.
• "The Quantity of Capital and the Rate of Interest", 1936, JPE (repr. in 1999, I)
• "Pragmatism and Social Action: Review of Dewey", 1936, Int J of Ethics
• "Note on Dr. Lange's Interest Theory", 1937, RES.
• "Unemployment: and Mr. Keynes's revolution in economic theory", 1937, Canadian JE (repr. in 1999, I)
• "On the Theory of Capital: In reply to Mr. Kaldor", 1938, Econometrica.
• "Bertrand Russell on Power", 1939, Ethics.
• "The Ethics of Liberalism", 1939, Economica.
• "Socialism: The Nature of the Problem", 1940, Ethics (repr. in 1999, II)
• "'What is Truth' in Economics", 1940, JPE (repr. in 1956 & 1999, I)
• "The Significance and Basic Postulates of Economics: a rejoinder", 1941, JPE
• "Religion and Ethics in Modern Civilization", 1941, J of Liberal Religion
• "The Meaning of Democracy: its politico-economic structure and ideals", 1941, J of Negro Education
• "Social Science", 1941, Ethics (repr. in 1956)
• "The Business Cycle, Interest and Money: A methodological approach", 1941, REStat (repr. in 1956 & 1999, II)
• "Professor Mises and the Theory of Capital", 1941, Economica.
• "The Role of the Individual in the Economic World of the Future", 1941, JPE.
• "Anthropology and Economics" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 1941, JPE.
• "Science, Philosophy and Social Procedure", 1942, Ethics
• "Fact and Value in Social Science", 1942, in Anshen, editor, Science and Man
• "Some Notes on the Economic Interpretation of History", 1942, Studies in the History of Culture (repr. in 1999, II)
• "Social Causation", 1943, American Journal of Sociology (repr. in 1956)
• "Diminishing Returns Under Investment", 1944, JPE.
• "Realism and Relevance in the Theory of Demand", 1944, JPE (repr. in 1999, II)
• "The Rights of Man and Natural Law", 1944, Ethics (repr. in 1999, II)
• "Human Nature and World Democracy", 1944, American J of Sociology.
• "Economics, Political Science and Education", 1944, AER
• The Economic Order and Religion, with T.W. Merriam, 1945.
• "Immutable Law in Economics: Its reality and limitations", 1946, AER.
• "The Sickness of Liberal Society", 1946, Ethics (repr. in 1999, II)
• "Salvation by Science: The gospel according to Professor Lundberg", 1947, JPE (repr. in 1956)
• Freedom and Reform: Essays in economics and social philosophy, 1947.
• "Free Society: Its basic nature and problem", 1948, Philosophical Review (repr. in 1956)
• "The Role of Principles in Economics and Politics", 1951, AER (repr. in 1956 & 1999, II)
• "Institutionalism and Empiricism in Economics", 1952, AER.
• On the History and Methods of Economics: Selected essays, 1956, ISBN 978-0-226-44689-9.
• Intelligence and Democratic Action, 1960.
• "Methodology in Economics", 1961, Southern EJ
• "Abstract Economics as Absolute Ethics", 1966, Ethics.
• "Laissez Faire: Pro and con", 1967, JPE (repr. in 1999, II)
• "The Case for Communism: From the Standpoint of an Ex-liberal." (published posthumously) in Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology, edited by Warren J. Samuels, archival supplement 2 (1991): 57–108.
• Selected Essays by Frank H. Knight, Volume 1: "What is Truth" in Economics?, (ed. by Ross B. Emmett), 1999, ISBN 978-0-226-44695-0
• Selected Essays by Frank H. Knight, Volume 2: Laissez Faire: Pro and Con, (ed. by Ross B. Emmett), 1999, ISBN 978-0-226-44697-4

延伸阅读

• Burgin, Angus (November 2009). "The Radical Conservatism of Frank H. Knight," Modern Intellectual History, 6:513–38.
• Emmett, Ross B. (1999). "Introduction", in Selected Essays by Frank H. Knight, 2 vols., (ed. by Ross Emmett).
• Emmett, Ross B. (2009). "Did the Chicago School Reject Frank Knight?", in Frank Knight and the Chicago School in American Economics, ISBN 978-0-415-77500-7.
• Fonseca, Gonçalo L. Frank H. Knight, 1885–1972. The History of Economic Thought Website. The New School for Social Research. [2008-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2008-04-29）. 
• Boyd, Robert. Knight, Frank H. (1885–1972). Hamowy, Ronald (编). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; Cato Institute: 274–75. 2008 [2020-04-26]. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n164. （原始内容存档于2019-07-23）. 
• Kasper, Sherryl (2002). The Revival of Laissez-Faire in American Macroeconomic Theory: A Case Study of Its Pioneers. ch. 2.
• Stigler, G. (1985). "Frank Hyneman Knight", University of Chicago Press – Center for the Study of the Economy and the State, Working Papers Series, Working Paper No. 37.
• White, Harrison C. (2002). Markets from Networks: Socioeconomic Models of Production, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.