蟻窩

「蟻窩」是指能夠維持其完整生命週期的單一螞蟻物種的族群。蟻群是真社會、公共的和有效組織，並且與其他社會膜翅目中發現的蜂窩非常相似，儘管這些蟻窩的各個群體通過趨同演化。^[1] 典型的群體由一隻或多隻產卵蟻后、眾多不孕雌蟻（工蟻、兵蟻）以及季節性的許多有翅的有性雄蟻和雌蟻組成。^[2] 為了建立新的蟻窩，螞蟻會在一天中物種特徵時間進行飛行。^[3] 成群結隊的有翅性动物（被稱為有翼的（英语：Alate））離開巢穴去尋找其他巢穴。^[4] 此後不久，雄性和大多數雌性一起死亡，^[5]一小部分雌性存活下來並建立新的巢穴.^[6]

參考資料

^ Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. Convergent evolution, superefficient teams and tempo in Old and New World army ants. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences (Royal Society Publishing). 1999, 266 (1429): 1697–1701. PMC 1690180 . doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0834.
^ Ant Colony – ASU – Ask A Biologist. askabiologist.asu.edu. 16 April 2010 [2024-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2024-09-27）.
^ Seasonal and nocturnal periodicities in ant nuptial flights in the Tropics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). ResearchGate. [2017-10-12] （英语）.
^ Wilson, E. O. The Organization of a Nuptial Flight of the Ant Pheidole Sttarches Wheeler. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 1957, 64 (2): 46–50. ISSN 0033-2615. doi:10.1155/1957/68319  （英语）.
^ Loiácono, Marta; Margaría, Cecilia. Hymenoptera (Sawflies, Ants, Bees, and Wasps). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: 405–425. [8 December 2018].
^ Holldobler, Bert; Wilson, Edward O. The Ants. Harvard University Press. 1990. ISBN 0-674-04075-9.

[1] Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. Convergent evolution, superefficient teams and tempo in Old and New World army ants. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences (Royal Society Publishing). 1999, 266 (1429): 1697–1701. PMC 1690180 . doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0834.

[asu.edu-2] Ant Colony – ASU – Ask A Biologist. askabiologist.asu.edu. 16 April 2010 [2024-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2024-09-27）.

[3] Seasonal and nocturnal periodicities in ant nuptial flights in the Tropics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). ResearchGate. [2017-10-12] （英语）.

[4] Wilson, E. O. The Organization of a Nuptial Flight of the Ant Pheidole Sttarches Wheeler. Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 1957, 64 (2): 46–50. ISSN 0033-2615. doi:10.1155/1957/68319  （英语）.

[5] Loiácono, Marta; Margaría, Cecilia. Hymenoptera (Sawflies, Ants, Bees, and Wasps). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: 405–425. [8 December 2018].

[TheAnts-6] Holldobler, Bert; Wilson, Edward O. The Ants. Harvard University Press. 1990. ISBN 0-674-04075-9.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]