退伍軍人桿菌屬
（重定向自退伍軍人桿菌）
 | 此條目需要精通或熟悉生物學的编者参与及协助编辑。 (2009年12月20日) |
军团菌属
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| 在紫外光照射下的军团菌 | |
科学分类 
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| 域： | 细菌域 Bacteria |
| 门： | 假單胞菌門 Pseudomonadota |
| 纲： | γ-變形菌綱 Gammaproteobacteria |
| 目： | 军团菌目 Legionellales |
| 科： | 军团菌科 Legionellaceae |
| 属： | 军团菌属 Legionella Brenner et al. 1979 |
| 模式種 | |
| Legionella pneumophila Brenner et al., 1979
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| 種 | |
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见正文 | |
| 異名 | |
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军团菌在許多環境中都很常见，已确定的至少有50个種和70個血清型。该属菌細胞壁取代基所攜帶的基团标识了其体抗原。這些取代基的化學构成，包括其成分的不同以及糖原的不同排列方式，決定了其表面體抗原或是O-抗原的性质，而這正是血清學中对許多革兰氏阴性菌分類的基本手段。
军团菌的名字源於1976年7月在費城爆发的一种“神秘疾病”，该病共造成221人患病，34人死亡，患者大都为美國退伍軍人，因而被冠名為退伍軍人症。退伍軍人症被廣泛宣傳而造成一定程度的恐慌。1977年1月18日，该病的病原體被確定為一种不為人知的細菌，隨後被命名為军团菌。
下属物种
[编辑]本属包括以下物种：
- Legionella adelaidensis Benson et al. 1991
- Legionella anisa Gorman et al. 1985
- Legionella beliardensis Lo Presti et al. 2001
- 伯明翰军团菌 Legionella birminghamensis Wilkinson et al. 1988
- Legionella bozemanae (Garrity et al. 1980) Brenner et al. 1980，也拼作：Legionella bozemanii
- Legionella brunensis Wilkinson et al. 1989
- Legionella busanensis Park et al. 2003
- Legionella cardiaca Pearce et al. 2012
- Legionella cherrii Brenner et al. 1985
- 辛辛那提军团菌 Legionella cincinnatiensis Thacker et al. 1989
- Legionella drancourtii La Scola et al. 2004
- Legionella dresdenensis Lück et al. 2010
- Legionella drozanskii Adeleke et al. 2001
- Legionella dumoffii Brenner et al. 1980
- Legionella erythra Brenner et al. 1985
- Legionella fairfieldensis Thacker et al. 1991
- Legionella fallonii Adeleke et al. 2001
- Legionella feeleii Herwaldt et al. 1984
- Legionella geestiana Dennis et al. 1993
- Legionella gormanii Morris et al. 1980
- Legionella gratiana Bornstein et al. 1991
- Legionella gresilensis Lo Presti et al. 2001
- Legionella hackeliae Brenner et al. 1985
- Legionella impletisoli Kuroki et al. 2007
- Legionella israelensis Bercovier et al. 1986
- 詹姆斯敦军团菌 Legionella jamestowniensis Brenner et al. 1985，指美国纽约詹姆斯敦
- Legionella jordanis Cherry et al. 1982
- Legionella lansingensis Thacker et al. 1994
- Legionella londiniensis Dennis et al. 1993
- Legionella longbeachae McKinney et al. 1982
- Legionella lytica (Drozanski 1991) Hookey et al. 1996
- Legionella maceachernii Brenner et al. 1985
- 马略卡岛军团菌 Legionella maioricensis Crespi et al. 2023[1]
- Legionella massiliensis Campocasso et al. 2012
- Legionella micdadei (Garrity et al. 1980) Hébert et al. 1980
- Legionella moravica Wilkinson et al. 1989
- 长崎军团菌 Legionella nagasakiensis Yang et al. 2012
- Legionella nautarum Dennis et al. 1993
- Legionella norrlandica Rizzardi et al. 2015
- Legionella oakridgensis Orrison et al. 1983
- Legionella parisiensis Brenner et al. 1985
- 匹兹堡军团菌 Legionella pittsburghensis Pasculle et al. 1980，为Legionella micdadei (Garrity et al. 1980) Hébert et al. 1980的异名
- 退伍軍人症嗜肺桿菌 Legionella pneumophila Brenner et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)
- Legionella qingyii Wu et al. 2019
- Legionella quateirensis Dennis et al. 1993
- Legionella quinlivanii Benson et al. 1990
- Legionella resiliens [2]
- Legionella rowbothamii Adeleke et al. 2001
- Legionella rubrilucens Brenner et al. 1985
- Legionella sainthelensi Campbell et al. 1984
- Legionella santicrucis Brenner et al. 1985
- Legionella saoudiensis Bajrai et al. 2016
- Legionella septentrionalis Li et al. 2021
- Legionella shakespearei Verma et al. 1992
- Legionella spiritensis Brenner et al. 1985，种名指美国俄勒冈州圣海伦火山附近的Spirit湖
- Legionella steelei Edelstein et al. 2012
- Legionella steigerwaltii Brenner et al. 1985
- Legionella taurinensis Lo Presti et al. 1999
- Legionella thermalis Ishizaki et al. 2016
- Legionella tucsonensis Thacker et al. 1990
- Legionella tunisiensis Campocasso et al. 2012
- Legionella wadsworthii Edelstein et al. 1983
- Legionella waltersii Benson et al. 1996
- Legionella worsleiensis Dennis et al. 1993
- Legionella yabuuchiae Kuroki et al. 2007
參見
[编辑]參考資料
[编辑]- ^ Crespi S, Drasar V, Salva-Serra F, Jaen-Luchoro D, Pineiro-Iglesias B, Lindemann PC, Aliaga-Lozano F, Fernandez-Juarez V, Coll-Garcia G, Moore ERB, et al. Legionella maioricensis sp. nov., a new species isolated from the hot water distribution systems of a hospital and a shopping center during routine sampling. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5686.
- ^ Cristino, S.; Pascale, M.R.; Marino, F.; Derelitto, C.; Salaris, S.; Orsini, M.; Squarzoni, S.; Grottola, A.; Girolamini, L. Characterization of a Novel Species of Legionella Isolated from a Healthcare Facility: Legionella resiliens sp. nov. Pathogens 2024, 13, 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13030250
外部連結
[编辑]- CDC Division of bacterial and Mycotic Diseases: Legionellosis
- Directors of Health Promotion and Education page on Legionellosis
- European Working Group for Legionella Infections
- Legionnaires' disease outbreaks
- 世界卫生组织 军团病 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
維護指引
[编辑]- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） - Procedure for Cleaning Cooling Towers and Related Equipment |(pages 239 and 240 of 249)
- Cooling Technology Institute - Best Practices for Control of Legionella
- California Energy Commission （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） - Cooling Water Management Program Guidelines For Wet and Hybrid Cooling Towers at Power Plants
- ASHRAE Guideline （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Guidelines for Control of Legionella in Ornamental Fountains
