File:Elizabeth Taylor, late 1950s.jpg

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摘要

描述Elizabeth Taylor, late 1950s.jpg	English: Elizabeth Taylor in a publicity photo by MGM (she was in a contract with MGM until early 1960s), circa late 1950s.
日期	1950年代 date QS:P,+1950-00-00T00:00:00Z/8
來源	https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/features/g5333/vintage-elizabeth-taylor-photos/?slide=7
作者	MGM publicity still

授權條款

本作品在美國屬於公有領域，是因為該作品是在1929與1963年之間出版，沒有在該作品增加著作權聲明，且沒有進行著作權更新。除非此作品之作者已經過世一段時間，並達到公有領域所要求的條件，這類美國作品在其他不適用較短期限法則的國家或地區屬於有著作權狀態，如加拿大（作者過世後70年）、中國大陸（作者過世後50年，港澳除外）、德國（作者過世後70年）、墨西哥（作者過世後100年）、瑞士（作者過世後70年）與其他已簽署個別協議的國家。更多資訊請參考Commons:Hirtle chart。

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Copyright details

Additional source information:

English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote a film actor.

As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
"[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."

評價


	該圖片為波斯文維基百科的特色圖片(نگاره‌های برگزیده)。它被認定為最佳圖像之一。如果您覺得本檔案在維基共享資源上也堪稱特色，您可以自願提名它。如果您還有可以在合適授權條款下發表的相似品質的圖像，歡迎您上傳、標註授權條款並提名之。

檔案歷史

點選日期/時間以檢視該時間的檔案版本。

	日期/時間	尺寸	使用者	備⁠註
目前	2020年8月5日 (三) 16:34	1,792 × 2,336（1.62 MB）	Qono	Reverted to version as of 07:02, 20 May 2020 (UTC) – On closer inspection, still too dark and too high contrast. This is the best of the recent revisions.
	2020年8月5日 (三) 16:22	1,792 × 2,336（1.56 MB）	Qono	Reverted to version as of 13:39, 29 July 2020 (UTC) Latest version is too dark
	2020年7月30日 (四) 08:34	1,792 × 2,336（1.44 MB）	CAPTAIN MEDUSA	c:User:Rillke/bigChunkedUpload.js:
	2020年7月29日 (三) 13:39	1,792 × 2,336（1.56 MB）	CAPTAIN MEDUSA	Clean up (removed dots, other stuff too)
	2020年5月20日 (三) 07:02	1,792 × 2,336（1.62 MB）	Lemonreader	Reverted to version as of 06:43, 20 May 2020 (UTC)
	2020年5月20日 (三) 07:01	1,792 × 2,108（1.52 MB）	Lemonreader	Slight crop
	2020年5月20日 (三) 06:43	1,792 × 2,336（1.62 MB）	Lemonreader	Crop from another version
	2020年5月20日 (三) 06:41	979 × 1,200（132 KB）	Lemonreader	Uploaded a work by Unknown from https://www.icollector.com/Elizabeth-Taylor_i26079347 with UploadWizard