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File:Ingrid Bergman, Gaslight 1944.jpg

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原始檔案 (718 × 894 像素,檔案大小:164 KB,MIME 類型:image/jpeg


摘要

描述
English: Press release publicity photo of Ingrid Bergman for film Gaslight (1944). Cropped from original upload of File:Ingrid Bergman - Gaslight 44.jpg ([1]). A few minor blemishes have been removed, but otherwise the image is unchanged from the original.
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來源 eBay
作者 MGM photographer
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:​Ingrid Bergman - Gaslight 44.jpg
原始檔案

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Original photograph
本作品在美國屬於公有領域,因為其於1929至1977年(包括)間在美國出版,且沒有著作權聲明。更多詳細資訊,請參閱共享資源:赫特圖表,以及就出版的公共藝術品的詳細說明

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Additional source information:

English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote a film actor.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honathaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[2], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."
Retouching
Creative Commons CC-Zero 此檔案於創用 CC CC0 1.0 通用公有領域貢獻宣告下分發。
在此宣告之下分發本作品者,已依據各國著作權法,在全世界放棄其對本作品所擁有的著作權及所有相關相似的法律權利,從而將本作品貢獻至公有領域。您可以複製、修改、分發和演示該作品,用於任何商業用途,所有這些都不需要請求授權。

說明

添加單行說明來描述出檔案所代表的內容
Publicity photo of Swedish actress Ingrid Bergman, 1944

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英格烈·褒曼 Chinese (Hong Kong) (已轉換拼寫)

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目前2019年10月4日 (五) 16:17於 2019年10月4日 (五) 16:17 版本的縮圖718 × 894(164 KB)LemonreaderColor corrections
2018年6月15日 (五) 17:56於 2018年6月15日 (五) 17:56 版本的縮圖718 × 894(169 KB)Clpo13additional dust spots removed
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