库伯韧带

库伯韧带
库伯韧带
	人体乳房解剖：库伯韧带被标记为“Retinacula cutis (Ligs. of Cooper)”和“Retinacula cutis”
标识字符
拉丁文	Retinaculum cutis mammae, ; ligamenta suspensoria mammaria
TA98	A16.0.02.015
TA2	7109
FMA	FMA:71433
	《解剖學術語》 [在维基数据上编辑]

库伯韧带（也称库柏韧带、库伯悬韧带、乳房悬韧带) 是乳房内的结缔组织，其存在有助于保持乳房结构的完整性。阿斯特利·库柏在1840年首次描述该组织并为其命名。^[1]^[2] 其解剖结构可以利用传输衍射断层扫描显示。^[3]

库伯悬韧带不应与恥骨韧带（有时称为库伯腹股沟韧带）混淆，后者具有相同的名祖。此外，中间纤维和/或尺侧韧带的横向部分有时也被称为库伯韧带。 ^[4]^[5]

与下垂的关系

许多女性认为，乳房下垂是由库伯韧带无法支撑乳房组织导致的。事实上，下垂的一部分原因是由遗传决定的，但一项科学研究发现，影响下垂的最大因素是吸烟、女性的身体质量指数、怀孕次数、孕前乳房大小，以及年龄。^[6]

许多女性错误地认为，佩戴胸罩可以预防乳房下垂，并且乳房在解剖学上无法支撑自己。^[7] 但胸罩制造商表示，由于乳房是由脂肪组织而非肌肉组成，胸罩只会在佩戴时影响乳房的形状。^[8]^[7]

病理上，沉重的乳房可能会引起女性上胸部疼痛，但这可能是胸罩不合身导致的。许多报告称，80-85%的女性穿错了胸罩尺寸。^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

參考文獻

^ synd/3342 - Who Named It?
^ Cooper, Astley. On the anatomy of the breast. London : Longman, Orme, Green, Brown, and Longmans. 1840: 49–50.
^ Simonetti F, Huang L, Duric N, Littrup P. Diffraction and coherence in breast ultrasound tomography: a study with a toroidal array. Medical Physics. July 2009, 36 (7): 2955–65. Bibcode:2009MedPh..36.2955S. OSTI 957784. PMID 19673194. doi:10.1118/1.3148533.
^ Transverse ligament of elbow. [2023-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-03）.
^ Waldeyer's Human Anatomy - Membrum superius, articulatio cubiti
^ Campolongo, Marianne. What Causes Sagging Breasts?. December 5, 2007 [26 January 2012]. （原始内容存档于15 May 2012）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Female Intelligence Agency: Why do women wear bras?. 007b Breast. [10 May 2011]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-31）.
^ Cawthorne, Simon. Bras, the Bare Facts. Channel 4. November 2000 [2023-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2012-07-13）.
^ Wood K, Cameron M, Fitzgerald K. Breast Size, Bra Fit and Thoracic Pain in Young Women: A Correlational Study. Chiropractic & Osteopathy. 2008, 16: 1. PMC 2275741 . PMID 18339205. doi:10.1186/1746-1340-16-1.
^ Right bra 'could halt breast ops' BBC. BBC News. 11 April 2008 [2023-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-17）.
^ Are you wearing the right bra size?. （原始内容存档于2008-09-17）.
^ Lantin, Barbara. A Weight off my shoulders. The Daily Telegraph (London). 14 April 2003 [4 January 2011]. （原始内容存档于14 January 2013）.
^ Rigby and Peller – Bra fitting. [2012-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-04）.

[1] synd/3342 - Who Named It?

[2] Cooper, Astley. On the anatomy of the breast. London : Longman, Orme, Green, Brown, and Longmans. 1840: 49–50.

[pmid19673194-3] Simonetti F, Huang L, Duric N, Littrup P. Diffraction and coherence in breast ultrasound tomography: a study with a toroidal array. Medical Physics. July 2009, 36 (7): 2955–65. Bibcode:2009MedPh..36.2955S. OSTI 957784. PMID 19673194. doi:10.1118/1.3148533.

[4] Transverse ligament of elbow. [2023-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-03）.

[5] Waldeyer's Human Anatomy - Membrum superius, articulatio cubiti

[6] Campolongo, Marianne. What Causes Sagging Breasts?. December 5, 2007 [26 January 2012]. （原始内容存档于15 May 2012）.

[007b_Breast-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Female Intelligence Agency: Why do women wear bras?. 007b Breast. [10 May 2011]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-31）.

[cawthorne-8] Cawthorne, Simon. Bras, the Bare Facts. Channel 4. November 2000 [2023-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2012-07-13）.

[wood-9] Wood K, Cameron M, Fitzgerald K. Breast Size, Bra Fit and Thoracic Pain in Young Women: A Correlational Study. Chiropractic & Osteopathy. 2008, 16: 1. PMC 2275741 . PMID 18339205. doi:10.1186/1746-1340-16-1.

[10] Right bra 'could halt breast ops' BBC. BBC News. 11 April 2008 [2023-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-17）.

[iVillage-11] Are you wearing the right bra size?. （原始内容存档于2008-09-17）.

[telegraph_weight-12] Lantin, Barbara. A Weight off my shoulders. The Daily Telegraph (London). 14 April 2003 [4 January 2011]. （原始内容存档于14 January 2013）.

[rigbyandpeller-13] Rigby and Peller – Bra fitting. [2012-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-04）.

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