User:D4cheap/沙盒
色情2.0，是以網路2.0為基礎而命名，代表色情網站開始以「用戶導向內容」為特色。網站可能會包含社群網站的特色，像是用戶為本的分類，視訊、部落格，或是評論。這和傳統的網路1.0內容完全相異。
色情2.0的網頁會和主流的網路2.0網站一樣，提供像是影像社群、社交網站、一般部落格，和影像傳播等項目。
在一開始，色情2.0網站就大受歡迎，但同時也面對像是合法性等等諸多問題。在這些問題中，多半是關於數位著作權的問題以及相關衍生的合作夥伴廣告問題。其他擔憂則包含了分享與盜版之間的界線癟及法律上大量免費的用戶為本的色情內容所產生的後果。為了解決這些問題，以信用卡收費零元的認證措施已由分別由MaxPorn，RTA，以及PornoTube所採用。
對Porn 3.0來說，新聞媒體通常猜測會排除掉像是全息投影，而採用3D內容[1]、多角度DVD[2]、神經脈衝刺激、還有和電玩類似的多角度震動控制器[3]
困境
[编辑]即便有些人認為色情網站是產業的自然發展，也總是走在科技進步的前端[4]，色情2.0也還是提出了一些困難與挑戰。
版權議題
[编辑]盜版是色情2.0面臨最主要的挑戰。色情2.0[5]的網站常被傳統色情產業抨擊的是對產值有害，像是DVD銷量和成人網站每月訂閱數[6]。
如同越來越多的大眾網站一樣，他們都在尋找更新更便宜的方法來填滿他們的成人內容。多數大眾也都在YouTube這類網站去觀賞他們喜愛的節目片段、影像部落格、瘋狂特技秀、和一些素人影片，於是成人取向的觀眾也漸漸遠離了DVD和電視上的隨選付費內容而投向像是Xview這類網站的懷抱。 [7]
——Jacqui Cheng，ArsTechnica.com
就像YouTube一樣，任何允許用戶自行上傳內容的網站都會有盜版的風險。隨著網路2.0的進展，這一直是模糊的灰色地帶，Viacom曾在2007年對YouTube求償十億美元的按鍵將這議題公諸於法庭，也對色情2.0的經營策略帶來了巨大的影響。YouTube當年則是贏得了訴訟[8]。
A 2007 decision by the 6th Circuit Court of Appeals found that the 2257 legislation was unconstitutional and violated first amendment rights. The decision was overturned in a 2009 en banc rehearing.[9] The United States Supreme Court declined to hear the matter.[10]
2007年美國第六巡迴上訴法院發現了2257法條並無可適用之處，也違反了第一修正案[11]的權力。但在2009年時的聽證會又遭到翻盤，美國最高法院則拒絕對此提出管轄。
隱私問題
[编辑]用戶未經主角同意而上傳內容是很有可能的，這也明文被使用條款所禁止。雖然有些網站像是Yoyeurweb允許上傳未經主角同意的照片，而靠著經常移動辦公室來避免所產生的法律問題[12]。
獲利來源
[编辑]就像網路2.0會投資在Facebook、Myspace、和YouTube上，色情2.0上未發現商業上的獲利策略。大量用戶產生的內容導致伺服器的高費用，以及極少來自用戶的低收入讓色情2.0網站在經濟上十分窘困。因為色2.0的服務目前多半是免費的，唯一的收入就是投放廣告。當高流量的網站可以從廣告獲得穩定收入時，網站也在尋找其他新的商業模式[13]。
Services
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PornoTube
[编辑]PornoTube is an advertising-supported pornographic site that provides audio, videos, and photos of explicit sex. It is one of the highest-traffic pornographic sites on the Internet along with Pornhub and YouPorn and has been described as a major development in Internet pornography.[14] PornoTube was started in July 2006 by AEBN.
RedTube
[编辑]RedTube is a Web 2.0, video-sharing, pornography site which in November 2009 held an Alexa ranking within the World's top 100 sites. However, by June 2010 it had fallen out of the top 100. Its popularity has been ascribed to its non-sexual name.
The site's database was accessed and temporarily shut down by Turkish hackers in February 2008.
YouPorn
[编辑]YouPorn is a free pornographic video sharing site, similar in format to YouTube. It was started in August 2006. It was eventually overtaken by xHamster, Pornhublive.com and Livejasmin. The domain name was registered by a company in December 2005, and a little over a year later YouPornMobile[15] was promoting mobile porn as well. The site was owned by MidStream Media International N.V., which was based in Willemstad, Curacao, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. However, it was later purchased by the large adult internet company, Manwin, which is owned by Fabian Thylmann, a German national residing in Belgium.
In October 2007, it was reported that a man living in California, had contacted Vivid Entertainment and AEBN in May 2007, claiming that he co-owned YouPorn with another individual, and was willing to sell for $20 million. He later denied owning YouPorn, claiming instead that it was founded and is operated by a German.[16]
Porn 2.0 image websites
[编辑]Various Porn 2.0 websites exist that have a majority of free promotional and user-generated material. A popular platform for 2.0 image websites is a Pinterest clone that is used by sites such as Sex.com and PicFapPin.com, which work the same way as other social media sites except that they are specialist on pornographic content only. Social Media sites that allow adult content include tumblr, Twitter, reddit, stumbleupon and PornToot.[17]
Sites like Facebook and pinterest have a strict non-adult material policy and will remove and close any user account that posted such materials, as it is stated in their terms of service.
Alternatively to social media sites are free user-generated collections of pornographic material that finance their server costs by displaying advertisement, thus allowing them to share their content as an alternative strategy to the social media sites.
Social porn news
[编辑]There are other forms of Porn 2.0, which do not involve user-generated video content. One is so-called "Social Porn"[18] Digg-style websites,[19] where registered users write articles about their submitted links.
Over-saturation due to free promotional material
[编辑]Since the success of MET-Art starting in 1999, its success with free promotional material has created a constant source of new content on the internet and porn tube sites. Thus there is an ever-growing amount of free images and videos made available and shared through social media like Tumblr, Twitter and Stumbleupon. This therefore creates a whole new accessibility for pornographic material.
A strategy for paysites, in order to counter this growing movement, is to offer higher quality with high-resolution images and full-length Full HD videos, but revenue continues to shrink.
See also
[编辑]Notes
[编辑]- ^ 3D Porn, Current
- ^ Porn 3.0: the next gen of sex biz tech, p2, TechRadar
- ^ Porn 3.0: the next gen of sex biz tech, p3, TechRadar
- ^ Swartz, Jon. Online porn often leads high-tech way. usatoday.com. 2004-03-09 [2010-12-21].
- ^ Porn 2.0, and Its Victims :: Mediacheck. thetyee.ca. 2007-07-06 [2010-12-21].
- ^ Youporn Vivid Entertainment Profile - Culture Lifestyle. Portfolio.com. 2008-09-11 [2010-12-21].
- ^ Cheng, Jacqui. Porn 2.0 is stiff competition for pro pornographers. Arstechnica.com. 2007-06-06 [2010-12-21].
- ^ Manjoo, Farhad. You and YouPorn are now free to make porn. Machinist: Tech Blog, Tech News. 2007-10-24 [2018-02-25].
- ^ Connection Distributing Co. v. Holder, (6th Cir. 2009) (en banc). Opinions - UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT (PDF). [2010-12-21].
- ^ Order List (10/05/2009) (PDF). [2010-12-21].
- ^ http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/07a0430p-06.pdf
- ^ [1], Wired.com, October 2002
- ^ [2]
- ^ Brown, Joe. 'The most important site on the Internet'. T3. 2006-11-30 [2006-12-25].
- ^ The Mobile Adult Market: 2010 Overview, Retrieved 2010-12-21.
- ^ Obscene Losses, Portfolio, 15 October 2007
- ^ PornToot
- ^ Arrington, Michael. Social Porn – It Had to Happen Eventually. techcrunch.com. Tech Crunch. [24 March 2014].
- ^ Toot, Porn. PornToot – Toot Your Own Porn. porntoot.com. PornToot. [4 May 2017].