小火蚁

小火蚁
	工蚁
	蚁后
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蚁科 Formicidae
属：	沃氏蚁属 Wasmannia
种：	小火蚁 W. auropunctata
二名法
	Wasmannia auropunctata; (Roger, 1863)
异名
	Hercynia panamana Enzmann, 1947; Ochetomyrmex auropunctatus (Roger, 1863); Tetramorium auropunctatum Roger, 1863; Wasmannia auropunctata var. australis Emery, 1894; Wasmannia auropunctata var. laevifrons Emery, 1894; Wasmannia auropunctata var. nigricans Emery, 1906; Wasmannia auropunctata var. obscura Forel, 1912; Wasmannia glabra Santschi, 1931; Wasmannia sulcaticeps var. weiseri Forel, 1914; Xiphomyrmex atomum Santschi, 1914;

小火蚁（学名：Wasmannia auropunctata）又称金刻沃氏蚁^[3]、光点小火蚁，是一种小型的沃氏蚁属蚂蚁，原生于中南美洲，现已扩张到北美洲、台湾^[4]、以色列^[5]^[6] 和一些太平洋岛屿（加拉帕戈斯群岛、夏威夷、新喀里多尼亚和所罗门群岛），此外东北澳大利亚的凯恩亦有纪录。^[7]^[8]

其英文名称“electric ant”来自其咬伤产生如触电的强烈痛感，^[9] 它也是世界百大外来入侵种之一。小火蚁体长约1.5毫米，通体黄褐色。雌雄皆能无性繁殖，是最早被发现两性都可以无性繁殖的动物。^[10]^[10]^[11]

对人类和动物的威胁

由于小火蚁体型微小，肉眼难以轻易发现，其叮咬会引起强烈的疼痛感，且可能伴随不同程度的过敏反应，严重时可能会引发角膜损伤^[12]^[13]。在非洲加蓬还发现小火蚁在动物进食时叮咬其鼻子和眼睛，导致家猫、野猪甚至大象等动物失明^[13]。

参考文献

^ Wasmannia auropunctata. ITIS.
^ Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger, 1863). GBIF. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF Secretariat. [2024-10-14].
^ 韩蕊; 滕祎，李献锋，王临静，魏霜，张雍哲，乔曦，刘海军，吴尧，马骏，万方浩，刘聪辉，钱万强. 基于酶介导双重指数扩增技术（EmDEA）的小火蚁快速检测方法的开发. 环境昆虫学报. 2024, 46 (5): 1059–1067 [2024-10-14].
^ 李锦城、徐伯玮、许峰铨、施钧瀚、萧祐钧、杨景程、林宗岐. 光點小火蟻 (Wasmannia auropunctata) (膜翅目：蟻科)：台灣新記錄之入侵螞蟻及其潛在威脅. 台湾昆虫. 2021, 41 (3): 172–181. ISSN 2414-1194. doi:10.6662/TESFE.202108_41(3).004 .
^ Vonshak, Merav; T. Dayan, A. Ionescu-Hirsch, A. Freidberg, A. Hefetz. The little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata: a new invasive species in the Middle East and its impact on the local arthropod fauna. Biological Invasions. 2010, 12: 1825–1837. ^{[永久失效链接]}
^ Foucaud, Julien; et al. Worldwide invasion by the little fire ant: routes of introduction and eco-evolutionary pathways. Evolutionary Applications. 2010, 3: 363–374.
^ Electric ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) webpage 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2009-02-14. Accessed 7 March 2009
^ Global Invasive Species Database - No. 100 - Wasmannia auropunctata. [2014-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-16）.
^ Queensland Government Electric Ant: Warning 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2011-02-18. Accessed 7 March 2009
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 Fournier, Denis; Estoup, Arnaud; Orivel, Jérôme; Foucaud, Julien; Jourdan, Hervé; Breton, Julien Le; Keller, Laurent. Clonal reproduction by males and females in the little fire ant. Nature. 2005, 435 (7046): 1230–4. PMID 15988525. doi:10.1038/nature03705.
^ Pearcy, M.; Aron, S; Doums, C; Keller, L. Conditional Use of Sex and Parthenogenesis for Worker and Queen Production in Ants. Science. 2004, 306 (5702): 1780–3. PMID 15576621. doi:10.1126/science.1105453.
^ WETTERER, JAMES. THE LITTLE FIRE ANT, WASMANNIA AUROPUNCTATA: DISTRIBUTION, IMPACT, AND CONTROL. Sociobiology. 2003, 42 (1): 1–41 [2024-10-14].
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 Rosselli, D; Wetterer, JK. Stings of the Ant Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as Cause of Punctate Corneal Lesions in Humans and Other Animals.. Journal of medical entomology. 2017-11-07, 54 (6): 1783–1785. PMID 29029157. doi:10.1093/jme/tjx167.

外部链接

University of Hawaii Alert: "Identifying the Little Fire Ant" (includes photo) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）Accessed 8 March 2009
Little Fire Ant in French Polynesia

[1] Wasmannia auropunctata. ITIS.

[GBIF-2] Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger, 1863). GBIF. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF Secretariat. [2024-10-14].

[3] 韩蕊; 滕祎，李献锋，王临静，魏霜，张雍哲，乔曦，刘海军，吴尧，马骏，万方浩，刘聪辉，钱万强. 基于酶介导双重指数扩增技术（EmDEA）的小火蚁快速检测方法的开发. 环境昆虫学报. 2024, 46 (5): 1059–1067 [2024-10-14].

[4] 李锦城、徐伯玮、许峰铨、施钧瀚、萧祐钧、杨景程、林宗岐. 光點小火蟻 (Wasmannia auropunctata) (膜翅目：蟻科)：台灣新記錄之入侵螞蟻及其潛在威脅. 台湾昆虫. 2021, 41 (3): 172–181. ISSN 2414-1194. doi:10.6662/TESFE.202108_41(3).004 .

[5] Vonshak, Merav; T. Dayan, A. Ionescu-Hirsch, A. Freidberg, A. Hefetz. The little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata: a new invasive species in the Middle East and its impact on the local arthropod fauna. Biological Invasions. 2010, 12: 1825–1837. ^{[永久失效链接]}

[6] Foucaud, Julien; et al. Worldwide invasion by the little fire ant: routes of introduction and eco-evolutionary pathways. Evolutionary Applications. 2010, 3: 363–374.

[QldDPI01-7] Electric ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) webpage 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2009-02-14. Accessed 7 March 2009

[Globaldbase01-8] Global Invasive Species Database - No. 100 - Wasmannia auropunctata. [2014-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-16）.

[QldWarning01-9] Queensland Government Electric Ant: Warning 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2011-02-18. Accessed 7 March 2009

[Fournier2005-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Fournier, Denis; Estoup, Arnaud; Orivel, Jérôme; Foucaud, Julien; Jourdan, Hervé; Breton, Julien Le; Keller, Laurent. Clonal reproduction by males and females in the little fire ant. Nature. 2005, 435 (7046): 1230–4. PMID 15988525. doi:10.1038/nature03705.

[Pearcy2004-11] Pearcy, M.; Aron, S; Doums, C; Keller, L. Conditional Use of Sex and Parthenogenesis for Worker and Queen Production in Ants. Science. 2004, 306 (5702): 1780–3. PMID 15576621. doi:10.1126/science.1105453.

[12] WETTERER, JAMES. THE LITTLE FIRE ANT, WASMANNIA AUROPUNCTATA: DISTRIBUTION, IMPACT, AND CONTROL. Sociobiology. 2003, 42 (1): 1–41 [2024-10-14].

[tjx167-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Rosselli, D; Wetterer, JK. Stings of the Ant Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as Cause of Punctate Corneal Lesions in Humans and Other Animals.. Journal of medical entomology. 2017-11-07, 54 (6): 1783–1785. PMID 29029157. doi:10.1093/jme/tjx167.

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