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旋螺属

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旋螺属
化石时期:早白垩世至现在
Gyraulus crista的两个壳
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 软体动物门 Mollusca
纲: 腹足纲 Gastropoda
科: 扁蜷科 Planorbidae
亚科: 扁蜷亚科 Planorbinae
族: 扁蜷族 Planorbini
属: 旋螺属 Gyraulus
Charpentier, 1837[1]:21
模式种
Planorbis albus O. F. Müller, 1774
异名
  • Anisus (Gyraulus) Agassiz in Charpentier, 1837 (Gyraulus has genus rank)
  • Armiger Hartmann, 1843 (Armiger is ranked as subgenus of Gyraulus)
  • Caillaudia Bourguignat, 1883
  • Glyptanisus Iredale, 1943
  • Gyraulus (Armiger) Hartmann, 1843
  • Gyraulus (Caillaudia) Bourguignat, 1883
  • Gyraulus (Carinogyraulus) Polinski, 1929
  • Gyraulus (Choanomphalodes) Lindholm, 1927
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) Charpentier, 1837
  • Gyraulus (Lamorbis) Starobogatov, 1967
  • Gyraulus (Torquis) Dall, 1905
  • Planorbis (Armiger) Hartmann, 1843 (Armiger is ranked as subgenus of Gyraulus)
  • Planorbis (Gyraulus) Agassiz in Charpentier, 1837 (Gyraulus is treated as separate genus)

旋螺属学名Gyraulus),又名圆口扁蜷属[2],为腹足纲泛有肺类扁卷螺科[3],体型细小,大多数为会呼吸空气的淡水螺[4]:126。部分物种乃中国特有物种。

本属物种最早出现的时间,根据化石纪录,可以上推至早白垩世,一直延续至今。在今日华北地区的热河群义县组的湖底沉积物(具体位置在今日的北京城郊邻近河北省下庄乡)发现本属物种的化石,年代可上溯至1.25亿年前[5]

微细的物种Gyraulus crista在技术上虽然仍是一只有肺类的腹足纲物种,这些动物其实并不会在空气中呼吸,而是依靠充满了水的外套膜

分布

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本属物种广泛分布于全北区

习性

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旋螺属在淡水的水生植物上生活。

型态描述

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螺壳半透明,质薄,体型小,而且大多数都是平旋壳[2]

物种

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截至2018年8月20日 (2018-08-20)WoRMS记载本属已纪录的名称达420个,当中已接受的现生种及化石种名称也有241个[6]。过往旋螺属的物种可以再分为以下三个亚属:

但这种分类现时只被作“另类表达方式”来处理。

以下详列本属之亚属及其物种:

亚属 Armiger W. Hartmann, 1843[7]

亚属 Carinogyraulus Polinski, 1929:[9] represented as Gyraulus

亚属 Gyraulus Charpentier, 1837

亚属 Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967:[11] represented as Gyraulis

亚属 Nautilinus Mousson, 1872[12]

亚属 Torquis Dall, 1905[14]

亚属 ?

Species inquerenda
  • Gyraulus acutus Clessin, 1907
  • Gyraulus percarinatus Paraense, 2000 name unavailable under ICZN Art. 16.4)
Species brought into synonymy
  • Gyraulus deformis Hartmann, 1844: synonym of Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807)
  • Gyraulus trochiformis applanatus (Thomä, 1845): synonym of † Gyraulus applanatus (Thomä, 1845)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis applanatus var. ludovici (Noulet, 1854): synonym of † Gyraulus ludovici (Noulet, 1854)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. aequeumbilicatus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subinvolutus Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subkleini Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis steinheimensis var. parvus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus steinheimensis (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. teres (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus minutus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. elegans (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. turbiniformis (von Zieten, 1832): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)

参考文献

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  1. ^ de Charpentier, J. Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Suisse. Formant la seconde partie de la faune Helvétique. Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften - Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles (Neuchatel). 1837, 1 (2): 1-28, Tab. I-II [= 1-2] (法语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 国际贝库:圆口扁蜷. 台湾贝类资料库. [2018-08-20]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04) (中文(繁体)). 
  3. ^ Albrecht, C.; Kuhn, K.; Streit, B. A molecular phylogeny of Planorboidea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata): insights from enhanced taxon sampling. Zoologica Scripta. 2007, 36: 27–39. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00258.x (英语). 
  4. ^ Martin Ivanov; Růžena Gregorová; Stanislava Hrdličková. Encyklopedie zkamenělin [化石百科全书] 1st. Dobřejovice (捷克): Rebo Productions. 2001: 312 pp. [2018-08-20]. ISBN 8072340956. (原始内容存档于2018-08-20) (捷克语). 
  5. ^ Pan, H.; Zhu, X. Early Cretaceous non-marine gastropods from the Xiazhuang Formation in North China.. Cretaceous Research. 2007, 28 (2): 215–224. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.12.001 (英语). 
  6. ^ WoRMS. Gyraulus Charpentier, 1837. 世界海洋物种目录(库存版本). [2018-08-20]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-20). 
  7. ^ Hartmann W. (1840). Erd- u. Süssw. Gast. (1), "Syst. Ueber."; 1842, (5, 6), 172.
  8. ^ "Armiger"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  9. ^ Polinski (1929). Glasnik srps. Kralj. Akad. Belgrade 65, 134, 161, 163.
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 "Gyraulus"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  11. ^ Starobogatov (1967). Trudy zool. Inst. Leningr. 42: 296.
  12. ^ Mousson A. (1873) [September 1872]. N. Denkschr. schweiz. Ges. 25: 15.
  13. ^ "Nautilinus"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  14. ^ Dall (1905). Harriman Alaska Exp. 13: 83, 86.
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 "Torquis"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  16. ^ (德文) Glöer P. & Bössneck U. (2007). "Zur Identität von Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852) mit der Beschreibung von G. bekaensis n. sp. (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)". Mollusca 25(2): 139-146. PDF页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  17. ^ ncbi: Gyraulus convexiusculus. [2016-10-01]. (原始内容存档于2009-07-03). 
  18. ^ Appleton C., Ghamizi M., Jørgensen A., Kristensen T. K., Lange C., Stensgaard A-S. & Van Damme D. (2009). Gyraulus costulatus. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <http://www.iucnredlist.org页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)>. Downloaded on 21 March 2011
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 "Carinogyraulus"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  20. ^ Vinarski M.V., Glöer P. & Palatov D.M. (2013) Gyraulus elenae sp. n. — a new planorbid snail from eastern Turkey (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Zootaxa 3664(1): 095–098
  21. ^ Brown D. S. (1996). Gyraulus mauritianus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 "Lamorbis"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.

外部链接

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