沼泽鹞

沼泽鹞
	摄于新西兰汉密尔顿动物园
保护状况
	; 无危（IUCN 3.1）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	鸟纲 Aves
目：	鹰形目 Accipitriformes
科：	鹰科 Accipitridae
属：	鹞属 Circus
种：	沼泽鹞 C. approximans
二名法
	Circus approximans; Peale（英语：Titian Peale）, 1849

沼泽鹞（学名：Circus approximans，毛利语：kāhu），又称澳大拉西亚沼泽鹞、澳大拉西亚鹞或沼泽鹰，是鹰形目鹰科鹞属的一种大型、苗条的猛禽。^[2]主要以各种哺乳动物、鸟类或蛋、两栖或爬虫等各种动物为食。^[3]目前其族群趋势被评为无危。^[1]^[4]

这个物种广泛分布于澳大利亚、新西兰及大洋洲和西南太平洋地区的许多岛屿上，通常栖息于湿地和水分充足的开阔地带。^[1]沼泽鹞自化石证据证明其原本并不在当地活动，而是直到第一批波利尼西亚人移入（早于1280年）并开发当地森林的1320—1350年时，这种鸟类才开始于该地定居。^[5]^[6]^[7]

该物种的正式命名者美国冒险家蒂希安·皮尔（英语：Titian Peale），他于1848或1849年完整描述了这种猛禽。^[8]^[3]其模式产地位于斐济的瓦努阿岛，没有亚种变化。^[2]^[3]属名Circus来自希腊语dendron，这名称原指称一种神话中的鹰，后被认为其原型为白尾鹞（该词原意为“圆圈”，指其盘旋的样子）。^[9]^:133而种小名approximans则为拉丁语的“接近、靠近”之意。^[9]^:51

在外观上，沼泽鹞的颜色会像是深色版本的白头鹞，而雌性的羽毛颜色比雄性更深，腹部则呈红褐色。^[3]其体重平均约746.2克，鸟喙宽平均约11.9毫米、深平均约16.4毫米、嘴峰长平均约39.5毫米；翼长约406.9毫米；跗跖约89.3毫米；尾长约233.2毫米。^[10]

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 BirdLife International. Circus approximans (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22695363A111781121. [2023-10-05]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22695363A111781121.en .
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. , 编. IOC World Bird List 13.2. 2023 [2023-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-09）（英语）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (编). Handbook of the birds of the world 2. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 1994: 138 [2023-10-05]. ISBN 978-84-87334-15-3 （英语）.
^ Butchart, S.; Ekstrom, J.; Blanvillain, C. Swamp Harrier (Circus approximans) - BirdLife species factsheet. BirdLife Data Zone. [2023-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-27）（英语）.
^ Worthy, Trevor H.; Holdaway, Richard N. The lost world of the moa : prehistoric life of New Zealand. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2002. ISBN 0-253-34034-9. OCLC 46634728 （英语）.
^ Walter, Richard; Buckley, Hallie; Jacomb, Chris; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth. Mass Migration and the Polynesian Settlement of New Zealand. Journal of World Prehistory. 2017-12, 30 (4): 351–376 [2023-10-05]. doi:10.1007/s10963-017-9110-y . （原始内容存档于2023-07-12）（英语）.
^ Jacomb, Chris; Holdaway, Richard N.; Allentoft, Morten E.; Bunce, Michael; Oskam, Charlotte L.; Walter, Richard; Brooks, Emma. High-precision dating and ancient DNA profiling of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) eggshell documents a complex feature at Wairau Bar and refines the chronology of New Zealand settlement by Polynesians. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2014-10, 50: 24–30 [2023-10-05]. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.05.023 （英语）.
^ Dougal, William H.; Stuart, Fred D.; Wilkes, Charles; Congress, Library of; States, United. United States Exploring Expedition , 编. United States Exploring Expedition. During the year 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. C. Sherman. [2023-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）（英语）.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Jobling, James A. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 （英语）.
^ Tobias, Joseph A.; Sheard, Catherine; Pigot, Alex L.; Devenish, Adam J. M.; Yang, Jingyi; et al. AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters. 2022-03, 25 (3): 581—597 [2023-07-22]. doi:10.1111/ele.13898. （原始内容存档于2023-02-03）（英语）.

外部链接

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：沼泽鹞
维基物种上的相关信息：沼泽鹞
Wingspan Birds of Prey Trust的介绍（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[IUCN-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 BirdLife International. Circus approximans (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22695363A111781121. [2023-10-05]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22695363A111781121.en .

[IOC13.2-2] 2.0 ^2.1 International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. , 编. IOC World Bird List 13.2. 2023 [2023-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-09）（英语）.

[handbook2-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (编). Handbook of the birds of the world 2. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 1994: 138 [2023-10-05]. ISBN 978-84-87334-15-3 （英语）.

[datazone-4] Butchart, S.; Ekstrom, J.; Blanvillain, C. Swamp Harrier (Circus approximans) - BirdLife species factsheet. BirdLife Data Zone. [2023-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-27）（英语）.

[Worthy-5] Worthy, Trevor H.; Holdaway, Richard N. The lost world of the moa : prehistoric life of New Zealand. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2002. ISBN 0-253-34034-9. OCLC 46634728 （英语）.

[Walter-6] Walter, Richard; Buckley, Hallie; Jacomb, Chris; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth. Mass Migration and the Polynesian Settlement of New Zealand. Journal of World Prehistory. 2017-12, 30 (4): 351–376 [2023-10-05]. doi:10.1007/s10963-017-9110-y . （原始内容存档于2023-07-12）（英语）.

[Jacomb-7] Jacomb, Chris; Holdaway, Richard N.; Allentoft, Morten E.; Bunce, Michael; Oskam, Charlotte L.; Walter, Richard; Brooks, Emma. High-precision dating and ancient DNA profiling of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) eggshell documents a complex feature at Wairau Bar and refines the chronology of New Zealand settlement by Polynesians. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2014-10, 50: 24–30 [2023-10-05]. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.05.023 （英语）.

[Dougal-8] Dougal, William H.; Stuart, Fred D.; Wilkes, Charles; Congress, Library of; States, United. United States Exploring Expedition , 编. United States Exploring Expedition. During the year 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. C. Sherman. [2023-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）（英语）.

[Jobling-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Jobling, James A. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 （英语）.

[Tobias-10] Tobias, Joseph A.; Sheard, Catherine; Pigot, Alex L.; Devenish, Adam J. M.; Yang, Jingyi; et al. AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters. 2022-03, 25 (3): 581—597 [2023-07-22]. doi:10.1111/ele.13898. （原始内容存档于2023-02-03）（英语）.

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