默朗木祈愿大法会

默朗木祈愿大法会（藏语：སྨོན་ལམ་ཆེན་མོ།，威利转写：Smon-lam-chen-mo，又称默朗钦莫、默朗钦波，汉语：传召法会、传召大法会）是宗喀巴大师所倡导的四大藏传佛教佛事之一，也是藏传佛教格鲁派寺院重要的节庆之一。哲蚌寺、色拉寺、甘丹寺僧众及卫藏、安多地区的信徒在此期间均会前往拉萨大昭寺来参与这已有五百多年历史的活动。

释名

“默朗木”意为祈愿、向往的意思，是对幸福、和平、健康的渴望。“默朗木祈愿大法会”意指盛大祈愿法会。

历史

14世纪末期，宗喀巴提出了整顿、改革西藏佛教的主张，并把已认识到的佛教哲理贯彻到行动中去，严格戒律、严格寺院管理、大力修复寺庙，着手重振藏传佛教的事业。此时，宗喀巴的声望已在中国普遍流传。1407年，宗喀巴回到拉萨后，与当时的地方统治者帕竹第悉扎巴坚参商议后，决定在1409年于拉萨的大昭寺举行祈愿法会。1409年正月初，宗喀巴在拉萨大昭寺举行了万人祈祷法会，受到僧俗的拥戴。此后每年正月格鲁派寺院都举行祈愿法会。

1964年年初默朗木庆典^[1]期间，十世班禅出人意料地在拉萨传召大法会上对有一万藏人参加的讲话中提出西藏有权独立并号召西藏独立，支持并赞扬了达赖喇嘛，称达赖喇嘛才是西藏人民真正的领袖^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]。自1965年开始，由于政治因素，默朗钦莫被取消，一直到1986年才恢复，1989年拉萨发生骚乱后又被禁至今。

举行日期和地点

在中国西藏，默朗钦莫在藏历新年正月初三至正月二十五举行。

布达拉宫大昭寺内，默朗木大法会在此举行。

程序

正月初三起每天有六次诵经集会。

正月初四起，藏传佛教寺院：甘丹寺、色拉寺、哲蚌寺的喇嘛开始在拉萨市区集中。

早上有肖作、索将，中午改在大昭寺右侧松曲广场，有干木作、公则、默朗木、公加。

在正月十五日晚上。在大昭寺或八廓街上，举行酥油灯会。当地喇嘛、贵族、摄政、僧俗纷纷上街参加灯会。

正月二十三日，为了免除次年中发生的灾难，僧俗抬着尸神到郊外去焚化，藏族军队在旁边鸣枪助威。

正月二十四日，拉萨大街上举行角力、举重等比赛，拉萨郊外举行跪马、射箭比赛。

正月二十五日，三大寺僧人开始返寺。达赖喇嘛也返回布达拉宫。

其他规定

根据之前五世达赖喇嘛的规定，在默朗木法会期间，拉萨市的政权，由拉萨市政府移交给哲蚌寺的铁棒喇嘛。在默朗木大法会期间，铁棒喇嘛指挥法僧队维持当地社会治安。

达赖喇嘛在未亲政前，不能参加默朗木大法会。

资料来源

唯色《杀劫：不可碰触的记忆禁区，镜头下的西藏文革，第一次披露》

另见

^ 唯色. 镜头下的西藏文革：《杀劫》连载（二）. 2011-04-06 [2012-07-02]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-03）.
^ The Panchen Lama Is Dead at 50; Key Figure in China's Tibet Policy. 纽约时报. 1989-01-30 [2012-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-30）. Just a week ago, he delivered a fierce criticism of Tibet's role under Chinese authority. He was quoted in the official news outlets as saying that the benefits of development in the 30 years since the region was incorporated into China were outweighed by the price that had been paid. He added that some officials were repeating old mistakes, apparently an allusion to recent harsh treatment by the authorities of Tibetan demonstrators, including the shooting of protesters by the police in December.
^ Panchen Lama. encyclopedia.com. 1997 [2012-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2012-02-08）.
^ History Early History. infoplease. 2007 [2012-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-29）.
^ Search for Next Panchen Lama Pits Tibet Against China's Communists: Religion: The party claims the right to approve the reincarnated successor of Tibet's second-highest spiritual leader, who died last year.. 洛杉矶时报. 1990-03-18 [2012-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-08）.

[1] 唯色. 镜头下的西藏文革：《杀劫》连载（二）. 2011-04-06 [2012-07-02]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-03）.

[nyt1-2] The Panchen Lama Is Dead at 50; Key Figure in China's Tibet Policy. 纽约时报. 1989-01-30 [2012-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-30）. Just a week ago, he delivered a fierce criticism of Tibet's role under Chinese authority. He was quoted in the official news outlets as saying that the benefits of development in the 30 years since the region was incorporated into China were outweighed by the price that had been paid. He added that some officials were repeating old mistakes, apparently an allusion to recent harsh treatment by the authorities of Tibetan demonstrators, including the shooting of protesters by the police in December.

[3] Panchen Lama. encyclopedia.com. 1997 [2012-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2012-02-08）.

[4] History Early History. infoplease. 2007 [2012-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-29）.

[5] Search for Next Panchen Lama Pits Tibet Against China's Communists: Religion: The party claims the right to approve the reincarnated successor of Tibet's second-highest spiritual leader, who died last year.. 洛杉矶时报. 1990-03-18 [2012-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-08）.

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