讨论:阿诺德·J·汤因比
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阿诺德·J·汤因比属于维基百科人物主题哲学、历史人物及社会科学家类的基础条目第五级。请勇于更新页面以及改进条目。 本条目页属于下列维基专题范畴： |
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[编辑]放工，下次再译。有兴趣的各位可以接力：--石添小草 10:01 2004年3月25日 (UTC)
西欧中心の历史観でなく、イスラム、仏教、それに特殊な存在としての日本にも着目して、各文明国の発展を描いた“历史の研究”を著す。
1914年の第一次世界大戦の勃発により“われわれは历史の中にいる”という実感に目覚める。1929年には太平洋问题调查委员として来日。 王立国际问题研究所理事、外务省调查部理事等を务める傍ら“ギリシャ历史思想”“平和会议后の世界”等を执笔。最も有名な著书“历史の研究”は全25巻。晩年には池田大作氏との共著“二十一世纪への対话”などもあり、日本への造诣が深い。
He worked for the Foreign Office during both World War I and World War II. He was Director of Studies at the Royal Institute of International Affairs (1925-1955) and Research Professor of International History at the University of London.
The theory elaborated in A Study of History was of challenge-response as applied to a civilization, taken as unit. It has not perhaps proved of great influence on other historians; it certainly was taken up, for example by Curtius, as a sort of paradigm in the post-war period. The ideas he promoted had some vogue (he appeared on the Cover of Time magazine in 1947). Toynbee was probably most influential in relation to Asian thinkers. A few of his terms, such as successor state, and to a lesser extent external proletariat, are found in other authors.
His theory was criticized in that it emphasizes religion over other aspects in the big pictures of civilizations. This is very similar to the present day theory of Clash of Civilizations put forward by Samuel Huntington. It is also quite odd (in an eery way too) that both Huntington and Toynbee had some influence of foreign policy, and on the policy makers as well.
It is assumed that Arnold J is the Toynbee referred to on the Toynbee tiles. His ideas also features in the Ray Bradbury short story named The Toynbee Convector.
生平
[编辑]Tue, 30 Mar 2004 11:55:04 +0100 寄件人: "Catherine Willbery" <[email protected]> 組織: Balliol College User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-GB; rv:1.0.1) Gecko/20020823 Netscape/7.0 X-Accept-Language: en-gb, en MIME-Version: 1.0 收件人：: "Tom Chiu" <[email protected]> 標題: Arnold Joseph TOYNBEE Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Length: 303
Dear Tom
AJ Toynbee was a Balliol student 1907-1911 and was then a student at the British School in Athens 1911-1912; he was elected a Fellow and Tutor in Classics at Balliol 1912 and held that Fellowship until 1915.
With best wishes,
John Jones
Vice-Master & Archivist, Balliol College, Oxford UK
没有可靠来源
[编辑]| “ | 汤恩比曾预言：“以中华文化为主的东方文化和西方文化的相结合，将是人类最美好和永恒的文化。”“人类要想解决二十一世纪的问题，必须要到中国的孔子思想和大乘佛法中汲取智慧。”“19世纪是英国人的世纪；20世纪是美国人的世纪；而21世纪就是中国人的世纪。” | ” |
这句话来源自我在其他语言版本的维基百科中没有查到有这些话，通过 Google 搜索发现这句话在互联网上最早来自于几个佛教论坛。帖子称这些话来源于汤因比和池田大作的对话录，我查阅了整本书，没有发现类似的话。