众议院非美活动调查委员会
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众议院非美活动调查委员会（英语：The House Un-American Activities Committee）（简称：HUAC）是美国众议院的调查委员会，于1975年1月14日终止。
历史
[编辑]在1938年创立时也称作戴斯特别委员会，以监察美国纳粹地下活动。1945年3月，美国众议院以207票赞成、186票反对，将其改为常设委员会。该委员会负责调查与共产主义活动有关的嫌疑个人、公共雇员和组织，调查不忠与颠覆行为。
1947年12月17日，开始对联邦政府、武装部队和国防订货承包商实行“忠诚调查”。其调查对象的范围甚至扩大到总共有2,000多万美国人受到了不同程度的审查。
1953年4月，开始对美国的大使馆藏书目录进行清查，美国共产党的威廉·福斯特、记者白劳德、史沫特莱等75位的书籍被列为禁书，甚至连著名历史学家小亚瑟·史列辛格和幽默作家马克·吐温的作品也被列入“危险书籍”之列。在此影响下，美国国内城市和学校的图书馆也纷纷查禁甚至焚毁“任何可疑的书籍和杂志”，据估计约200万册。
1969年，众议院将委员会更名为“众议院内部安全委员会”。当众议院在1975年废除该委员会时[1]，委员会的职能由众议院司法委员会接任。 委员会反共调查常常与美国参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡有关[2]。麦卡锡是参议员，并没有直接参与众议院委员会活动[3]。麦卡锡是政府行动委员会主席，也是其参议院调查常委主席，不是众议院的成员。
历任美国众议院非美活动调查委员会主席
[编辑]参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Frum, David. How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. 2000: 265. ISBN 0-465-04195-7.
- ^ For example, see Brown, Sarah. Pleading the Fifth. BBC News. 2002-02-05 [2015-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-09）.
McCarthy's House Un-American Activities Committee
- ^ Patrick Doherty, Thomas. Cold War, Cool Medium: Television, McCarthyism, and American Culture. 2003, page 15-6.
- ^ 尼克松生平概览. Richard Nixon Foundation. [2024-05-17]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-17） （美国英语）.
更多阅读
[编辑]文档
[编辑]- Investigation of un-American propaganda activities in the United States. Hearings before a Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives (1938-1944), Volumes 1-17 with Appendices. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） University of Pennsylvania online gateway to Internet Archive and Hathi Trust.
- Schamel, Gharles E. Inventory of records of the Special Committee on Un-American activities, 1938-1944 (the Dies committee). Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration. Washington, D.C., July 1995.
- Schamel, Gharles E. Records of the House Un-American Activities committee, 1945-1969, renamed the House Internal Security committee, 1969-1976. Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration. Washington, D.C., July 1995.
- Ship, Reuben. From the Archives: The Investigator (1954): A Radio Play by Reuben Ship. The Journal for MultiMedia History. 2000, 3 [2015-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-17）.
图书
[编辑]- Bentley, Eric (编). Thirty Years of Treason: Excerpts from Hearings Before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, 1938–1968. Nation Books. 2002 [1971, Viking Press]. ISBN 1-56025-368-1.
- Buckley, William F. The Committee and Its Critics; a Calm Review of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Putnam Books. 1962.
- Chambers, Whittaker. Witness. Random House. 1952. ISBN 0-89526-571-0.
- Donner, Frank J. The Un-Americans. Ballantine Books. 1967.
- Gladchuk, John Joseph. Hollywood and Anticommunism: HUAC and the Evolution of the Red Menace, 1935-1950. Routledge. 2006. ISBN 0-415-95568-8.
- Goodman, Walter. The Committee: The Extraordinary Career of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Farrar Straus & Giroux. 1968. ISBN 0-374-12688-7.
- Newton, Michael. The Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi: a history. McFarland. 2010 [2015-03-14]. ISBN 978-0-7864-4653-7. （原始内容存档于2020-08-03）.
- O'Reilly, Kenneth. Hoover and the Unamericans: The FBI, HUAC, and the Red Menace. Temple University Press. 1983. ISBN 0-87722-301-7.
- Schmidt, Regin. Red Scare: FBI and the Origins of Anticommunism in the United States, 1919–1943. Museum Tusculanum Press. 2000. ISBN 9788772895819.
- U.S. 86th Congress - House Committee on Un-American Activities, Facts on Communism - Volume I, The Communist Ideology, 75 Stat. 965, House Document No. 336 (Internet Archive - Archive.org), December 1959: 166 [6 October 2013], OCLC 630998985
- U.S. 87th Congress - House Committee on Un-American Activities, Facts on Communism - Volume II, The Soviet Union, from Lenin to Khrushchev, 75 Stat. 961, House Document No. 139 (Internet Archive - Archive.org), December 1960: 408 [6 October 2013], OCLC 80262328
档案
[编辑]- Bogart, Humphrey. I am no communist. Photoplay. March 1948 [28 August 2013]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-24）.
- "Operation Abolition", Time Magazine, March 17, 1961 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Seidel, Robert W. The National Laboratories and the Atomic Energy Commission in the Early Cold War. Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences. 2001, 32 (1): 145–162. doi:10.1525/hsps.2001.32.1.145.
外部链接
[编辑]- History.House.gov HUAC - permanent standing House Committee on Un-American Activities
- History.House.gov HUAC - 1948 Alger Hiss–Whittaker Chambers hearing before HUAC
- Un-American Activities Committee The Spartacus Educational website, UK
- House Unamerican Activities Committee (HUAC) Collection: Pamphlets collected by HUAC, many of which the committee deemed "un-American." (4,000 pamphlets). From the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
