天枪一

**天枪一（κ Boötis）**
	天枪一的位置（红圈）
观测数据; 历元 J2000 分点 J2000
星座	牧夫座
	牧夫座κ1
赤经	14h 13m 27.824s
赤纬	+51° 47′ 16.62″
视星等 (V)	+6.69
	牧夫座κ2
赤经	14h 13m 29.009s
赤纬	+51° 47′ 23.88″
视星等 (V)	+4.50 to +4.58
特性
光谱分类	F2V
天体测定
牧夫座κ1
径向速度 (Rv)	−22.09 km/s
自行 (μ)	赤经：44.094 mas/yr ; 赤纬：−39.325 mas/yr
视差 (π)	20.3067 ± 0.2221 mas
距离	161 ± 2 ly ; (49.2 ± 0.5 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)	+3.34
牧夫座κ2
径向速度 (Rv)	−15.60 km/s
自行 (μ)	赤经：44.094 mas/yr ; 赤纬：−39.325 mas/yr
视差 (π)	21.1980 ± 0.4118 mas
距离	154 ± 2 ly ; (47.2 ± 0.9 pc)
详细资料
牧夫座κ1
质量	1.40 M☉
半径	1.43 R☉
表面重力 (log g)	4.32
亮度	3.801 L☉
温度	6,699 K
金属量 [Fe/H]	−0.09 dex
自转速度 (v sin i)	38 km/s
年龄	900 Myr
牧夫座κ2
质量	2.12 M☉
半径	2.78 R☉
表面重力 (log g)	3.66
亮度	28 L☉
温度	7,760 K
自转速度 (v sin i)	128 km/s
其他命名
	Asellus Tertius、κ;Boo、17 Boötis、BD+52 1782、HR 5328
参考资料库
SIMBAD	资料
	κ1
	κ2

天枪一（Kappa Boötis，κ Boo，κ Boötis）是在星座牧夫座的一对双星。它的传统名称是Asellus Tertius /əˈsɛləs ˈtɜːrʃiəs/（拉丁文的意思是“第三只驴子”）^[12]^[13]，在佛兰斯蒂德命名法称为牧夫座17。两颗星相隔的角距离为13.5弧秒^[13]，小望远镜就可以观看。天枪一距离地球大约155光年。

命名法

牧夫座κ²是这对恒星中较亮的恒星，也被指定为HD 124675，而牧夫座κ¹是HD 124674。在亮星星表中，这两颗恒星共享编号HR 5328，但在依巴谷星表中有各别的项目：HIP 69483和HIP 69481。

性质

牧夫座κ² 可见光波段的光变曲线，改编自Frandsen 等人（1995）^[14]。

牧夫座κ¹是光谱联星的恒星系统。可见的主星是一颗F2主序带恒星，而伴星的质量只有F2的一半，而且要暗淡得多^[15]。

牧夫座κ²是一颗分类为盾牌座δ型的变星，周期为1.08小时^[11]，变光幅度在 +4.50至 +4.58等^[4]。它是一颗略微进化的A8次巨星。

一颗距离近两弧分的17等恒星已被确定为多重系统的成员，估计轨道周期为177,000年。它本身是一对紧密的双星，在周期234年的轨道上有两颗相似的低质量恒星^[16]。

词源

这颗恒星，连同其它“Aselli”（牧夫座ι和牧夫座θ）以及牧夫座λ，是“Aulād al Dhiʼbah”（“أولاد الضّباع”-“awlād al-ḍibā”），“土狼（鬣狗科）的幼兽”^[17]。

在中国，称为天枪 (Tiān Qiāng)，意思是天矛，指的是由牧夫座κ（实际上是牧夫座κ²）、牧夫座ι和牧夫座θ组成的星群^[18]。因此，牧夫座κ本身的中文名为天枪一（Tiān Qiāng yī ，英语：天矛第一星。）^[19]。

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
^ Ducati, J. R. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system. VizieR On-line Data Catalog. 2002. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013). VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 2009, 1: B/gcvs. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Gray, R. O.; Napier, M. G.; Winkler, L. I. The Physical Basis of Luminosity Classification in the Late A-, F-, and Early G-Type Stars. I. Precise Spectral Types for 372 Stars. The Astronomical Journal. 2001, 121 (4): 2148. Bibcode:2001AJ....121.2148G. doi:10.1086/319956 .
^ Gontcharov, G. A. Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system. Astronomy Letters. 2006, 32 (11): 759–771. Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G. S2CID 119231169. arXiv:1606.08053 . doi:10.1134/s1063773706110065.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Zorec, J.; Royer, F.; Asplund, Martin; Cassisi, Santi; Ramirez, Ivan; Melendez, Jorge; Bensby, Thomas; Feltzing, Sofia. Rotational velocities of A-type stars. IV. Evolution of rotational velocities. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2012, 537: A120. Bibcode:2012A&A...537A.120Z. S2CID 55586789. arXiv:1201.2052 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117691.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Casagrande, L.; Schönrich, R.; Asplund, M.; Cassisi, S.; Ramírez, I.; Meléndez, J.; Bensby, T.; Feltzing, S. New constraints on the chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood and Galactic disc(s). Improved astrophysical parameters for the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2011, 530: A138. Bibcode:2011A&A...530A.138C. S2CID 56118016. arXiv:1103.4651 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016276.
^ Royer, F.; Grenier, S.; Baylac, M. -O.; Gómez, A. E.; Zorec, J. Rotational velocities of A-type stars in the northern hemisphere. II. Measurement of v sin I. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2002, 393 (3): 897–911. Bibcode:2002A&A...393..897R. S2CID 14070763. arXiv:1201.2052 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020943.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 Liakos, Alexios; Niarchos, Panagiotis. Catalogue and properties of δ Scuti stars in binaries. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2017, 465 (1): 1181. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.465.1181L. S2CID 119284575. arXiv:1611.00200 . doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2756.
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 Balona, L. A.; Dziembowski, W. A. Excitation and visibility of high-degree modes in stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. October 1999, 309 (1): 221–232. Bibcode:1999MNRAS.309..221B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02821.x .
^ Star Name - R.H.Allen p.105
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 Kaler, Jim. Asellus Tertius. [2017-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-05）.
^ Frandsen, S.; Jones, A.; Kjeldsen, H.; Viskum, M.; Hjorth, J.; Andersen, N. H.; Thomsen, B. CCD photometry of the δ-Scuti star κ2 Bootis. Astronomy and Astrophysics. September 1995, 301: 123 [3 September 2022]. Bibcode:1995A&A...301..123F. （原始内容存档于2023-06-13）.
^ Halbwachs, J. -L; Arenou, F.; Pourbaix, D.; Famaey, B.; Guillout, P.; Lebreton, Y.; Salomon, J. -B.; Tal-Or, L.; Ibata, R.; Mazeh, T. Masses of the components of SB2 binaries observed with Gaia - I. Selection of the sample and mass ratios of 20 new SB2s discovered with Sophie. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2014, 445 (3): 2371. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.445.2371H. S2CID 119180931. arXiv:1409.1384 . doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1838.
^ Tokovinin, Andrei. The Updated Multiple Star Catalog. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 2018-03-01, 235 (1): 6. Bibcode:2018ApJS..235....6T. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 119047709. arXiv:1712.04750 . doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aaa1a5.
^ Allen, R. H. Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning Reprint. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 1963: 105 [2010-12-12]. ISBN 978-0-486-21079-7.
^ （中文） 中国星座神话, written by 陈久金. Published by 台湾书房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
^ （中文）香港太空馆 - 研究资源 - 亮星中英对照表互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2010-08-11., Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.

引用错误：在<references>标签中name属性为“gaspar”的参考文献没有在文中使用

外部链接

[dr2_1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录

[ubv-2] Ducati, J. R. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system. VizieR On-line Data Catalog. 2002. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.

[dr2_2-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录

[gcvs-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013). VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 2009, 1: B/gcvs. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.

[gray-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Gray, R. O.; Napier, M. G.; Winkler, L. I. The Physical Basis of Luminosity Classification in the Late A-, F-, and Early G-Type Stars. I. Precise Spectral Types for 372 Stars. The Astronomical Journal. 2001, 121 (4): 2148. Bibcode:2001AJ....121.2148G. doi:10.1086/319956 .

[pulkovo-6] Gontcharov, G. A. Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system. Astronomy Letters. 2006, 32 (11): 759–771. Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G. S2CID 119231169. arXiv:1606.08053 . doi:10.1134/s1063773706110065.

[zorec-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Zorec, J.; Royer, F.; Asplund, Martin; Cassisi, Santi; Ramirez, Ivan; Melendez, Jorge; Bensby, Thomas; Feltzing, Sofia. Rotational velocities of A-type stars. IV. Evolution of rotational velocities. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2012, 537: A120. Bibcode:2012A&A...537A.120Z. S2CID 55586789. arXiv:1201.2052 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117691.

[casagrande-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Casagrande, L.; Schönrich, R.; Asplund, M.; Cassisi, S.; Ramírez, I.; Meléndez, J.; Bensby, T.; Feltzing, S. New constraints on the chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood and Galactic disc(s). Improved astrophysical parameters for the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2011, 530: A138. Bibcode:2011A&A...530A.138C. S2CID 56118016. arXiv:1103.4651 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016276.

[royer-9] Royer, F.; Grenier, S.; Baylac, M. -O.; Gómez, A. E.; Zorec, J. Rotational velocities of A-type stars in the northern hemisphere. II. Measurement of v sin I. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2002, 393 (3): 897–911. Bibcode:2002A&A...393..897R. S2CID 14070763. arXiv:1201.2052 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020943.

[liakos-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Liakos, Alexios; Niarchos, Panagiotis. Catalogue and properties of δ Scuti stars in binaries. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2017, 465 (1): 1181. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.465.1181L. S2CID 119284575. arXiv:1611.00200 . doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2756.

[mnras309_1_221-11] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 Balona, L. A.; Dziembowski, W. A. Excitation and visibility of high-degree modes in stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. October 1999, 309 (1): 221–232. Bibcode:1999MNRAS.309..221B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02821.x .

[Allen-12] Star Name - R.H.Allen p.105

[Kaler-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Kaler, Jim. Asellus Tertius. [2017-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-05）.

[Frandsen-14] Frandsen, S.; Jones, A.; Kjeldsen, H.; Viskum, M.; Hjorth, J.; Andersen, N. H.; Thomsen, B. CCD photometry of the δ-Scuti star κ2 Bootis. Astronomy and Astrophysics. September 1995, 301: 123 [3 September 2022]. Bibcode:1995A&A...301..123F. （原始内容存档于2023-06-13）.

[halbwachs-15] Halbwachs, J. -L; Arenou, F.; Pourbaix, D.; Famaey, B.; Guillout, P.; Lebreton, Y.; Salomon, J. -B.; Tal-Or, L.; Ibata, R.; Mazeh, T. Masses of the components of SB2 binaries observed with Gaia - I. Selection of the sample and mass ratios of 20 new SB2s discovered with Sophie. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2014, 445 (3): 2371. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.445.2371H. S2CID 119180931. arXiv:1409.1384 . doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1838.

[msc-16] Tokovinin, Andrei. The Updated Multiple Star Catalog. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 2018-03-01, 235 (1): 6. Bibcode:2018ApJS..235....6T. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 119047709. arXiv:1712.04750 . doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aaa1a5.

[Allen2-17] Allen, R. H. Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning Reprint. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 1963: 105 [2010-12-12]. ISBN 978-0-486-21079-7.

[zh-18] （中文） 中国星座神话, written by 陈久金. Published by 台湾书房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.

[lcsd-19] （中文）香港太空馆 - 研究资源 - 亮星中英对照表互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2010-08-11., Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.

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观测数据历元 J2000 分点 J2000
天枪一的位置（红圈）
星座	牧夫座
牧夫座κ¹
赤经	14^h 13^m 27.824^s^[1]
赤纬	+51° 47′ 16.62″^[1]
视星等 (V)	+6.69^[2]
牧夫座κ²
赤经	14^h 13^m 29.009^s^[3]
赤纬	+51° 47′ 23.88″^[3]
视星等 (V)	+4.50 to +4.58^[4]
特性
光谱分类	F2V^[5]
天体测定
牧夫座κ¹
径向速度 (R_v)	−22.09^[1] km/s
自行 (μ)	赤经：44.094^[1] mas/yr 赤纬：−39.325^[1] mas/yr
视差 (π)	20.3067 ± 0.2221^[1] mas
距离	161 ± 2 ly (49.2 ± 0.5 pc)
绝对星等 (M_V)	+3.34
牧夫座κ²
径向速度 (R_v)	−15.60^[6] km/s
自行 (μ)	赤经：44.094^[3] mas/yr 赤纬：−39.325^[3] mas/yr
视差 (π)	21.1980 ± 0.4118^[3] mas
距离	154 ± 2 ly (47.2 ± 0.9 pc)
详细资料
牧夫座κ¹
质量	1.40^[7] M_☉
半径	1.43^[1] R_☉
表面重力 (log g)	4.32^[5]
亮度	3.801^[1] L_☉
温度	6,699^[8] K
金属量 [Fe/H]	−0.09^[8] dex
自转速度 (v sin i)	38^[9] km/s
年龄	900^[8] Myr
牧夫座κ²
质量	2.12^[10] M_☉
半径	2.78^[10] R_☉
表面重力 (log g)	3.66^[5]
亮度	28^[11] L_☉
温度	7,760^[11] K
自转速度 (v sin i)	128^[7] km/s
其他命名
Asellus Tertius、κ;Boo、17 Boötis、BD+52 1782、HR 5328
参考资料库
SIMBAD	资料
	κ¹
	κ²