库柏山滚起司大赛
库柏山滚起司大赛是每年春季银行假日(五月最后一个礼拜一),于英国格洛斯特布拉沃斯村举办的趣味竞赛,参赛者须从陡峭的库柏山冲下以竞逐一块飞快滚动的双层格洛斯特起司。[1] 该赛事原为布拉沃斯村的传统节庆,如今享誉国际,参赛者来自世界各地。《卫报》称其为“国际知名活动”。[2]
规则
[编辑]赛事名称来自附近薛丁顿村的酒吧“起司翻滚者”,距离比赛地点约5公里。赛程从山顶到山脚全程200码(约180米)。裁判将一块重3 - 4公斤的双层格洛斯特起司由山顶滚下,参赛者随之起跑,途中捡起起司或最先到达终点者获胜,冠军可获得该起司。
虽然目标为“抓住起司”,但由于起司的滚动速度高达时速110公里,参赛者不太可能在途中捡起起司,而是连滚带爬的从山丘上摔落。终点设置路障,并有医护人员待命。赛事于白天进行,男女分开竞赛。[3]
历史
[编辑]有关滚起司大赛最早的书面纪录出自1826年一封写给格洛斯特郡情报员的书信。据信该赛事至少有600年的历史,起初于圣灵降临节 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)举办,后改为春季银行假日。[4][5]
赛事起源有两种说法,一是为争取公地放牧权[4][6] ,二是来自异教风俗: 将点燃的灌木堆从山丘滚下,象征冬去春来;或祭司从山顶抛洒糖果祈求生育与丰收。[7]
1982年,一组来自布里斯托大学的学生团体用胶卷相机记录当年于5月31日举办的滚起司大赛,是该赛事最早的影像纪录。
2009年,该赛事因安全疑虑被取消,但随即于2011年重启;2020、2021年因新冠疫情停办。[8]
百年来,滚起司大赛始终未获官方承认与管理,全由地方人士自主发起。2011年赛事冠军海伦·索普(Helen Thorpe)声称:
“没有人能阻止我们。他们说这不是官方活动,但我们都是布拉沃斯人,我们仍经营酪农业。对我们而言,这就是官方活动。”[9]
起司
[编辑]比赛使用的双层格洛斯特起司是一种圆形硬奶酪。侧面由木制外壳保护,并有缎带装饰。
自 1988 年起,起司由当地起司制造商黛安娜·斯马特(Diana Smart)及其子罗德(Rod Smart)提供。[3][10][11] 2013 年 5 月,格洛斯特郡警局警告 86 岁的斯玛特,称她要为比赛造成的伤患负责。[3]
近年来,主办方出于安全考量,改用泡棉复制品取代真起司。2013年的一场赛事中,来自澳洲的选手卡勒·斯托德( Caleb Stalder )尽管非第一个到达终点者,却出乎意料地在途中抓住假起司而获胜。[12]
争议
[编辑]由于库柏山陡峭颠簸、加上参赛者众多,每年大赛都会发生选手摔伤或互相践踏的意外。虽未有死亡纪录,该赛事造成的人员损伤仍受到英国各大媒体的关注。
位于库柏山脚下的圣约翰救护机构(格洛斯特、切尔滕纳姆和斯特劳德分部)为赛事提供急救服务与救护车待命。当地橄榄球俱乐部的成员与年轻农民也会在终点拦阻暴冲的选手,与快速撤离途中停止的受伤人员。[13]
历届冠军
[编辑]年 | 第一场 | 第二场 | 第三场 (女子赛事) |
第四场 | 第五场 (始自2006) |
附注 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1986 | Steve Gyde | Steve Gyde | ? | Steven Brain | Steven Brain | [14] |
1987 | Steven Brain | Steve Gyde | ? | Steven Brain | — | [14] |
1988 | Steve Gyde | Steve Gyde | ? | Steven Brain | — | [14] |
1989 | ? | ? | ? | — | ||
1990 | Steven Brain | Steve Gyde | Jacqueline McGinn | Steven Brain | — | [14] |
1991 | Steve Gyde | Steve Gyde | ? | Steve Gyde | — | [14] |
1994 | Craig Carter | Kevin Zinter | ? | Steve Gyde | — | [15] |
1995 | Steven Brain | Darren Yates | ? | Carl Farewell | — | [16][14] |
1996 | Travis Moulton | Tim Drnec | ? | Chris Adams | [来源请求] | |
1997 | Steven Brain | Steven Brain | Tina Rimmer | Craig Carter | — | [15][17] |
1998 | Peter Astman | — | Amelia Hardwick | — | — | [18] 考量去年赛事多达33名选手受伤,本次赛事减少两场。 |
1999 | Steven Brain | Steven Brain | Helen Thorpe | Steven Brain | — | [19] |
2000 | Steven Brain | Steven Brain | Kirsty Shepherd | Craig Brown | — | [20] |
2001 | Pip Harrison | — | — | — | — | [21] 因口蹄疫取消赛事,只象征性的将起司从山顶滚下。 |
2002 | Craig Brown | Steven Brain | Kirsty Shepherd | Steven Brain | — | [22] 由于皇后区银行假日庆祝活动,赛事推迟一天,首次在星期二举行。 |
2003 | — | — | — | — | — | [23] 由于在地安全志工小组前往阿尔及利亚协助地震救护,赛事取消,只象征性的将起司从山顶滚下。 |
2004 | Padam Shreer | Marc Ellis | Dionne Carter | Aaron Walden | — | [24][25] |
2005 | Jason Crowther | Chris Anderson | Dionne Carter | Aaron Walden | — | [1][26] |
2006 | Jason Crowther | Craig Fairley | Dionne Carter | Chris Anderson | Andrew Brewin | [27] 选手过多,加开第五场赛事。 |
2007 | Jason Crowther | Aaron Walden | Jemima Bullock | Alan Morris | Chris Anderson | [28] |
2008 | Chris Anderson | Peter Mackenzie-Shaw | Flo Early | Craig Fairley | Wade Sansom | [29] |
2009 | Chris Anderson | Scott Bevan | Michelle Kokiri-Gisbon | Chris Anderson | Josh Geitz | [30][31][13] |
2010 | Chris Anderson | Craig Fairley | Tanya Silverman | Chris Anderson | — | [32] |
2011 | Chris Anderson | Chris Anderson | Jo Guest | Chris Anderson | — | [33][34][9] |
2012 | Chris Anderson | Chris Anderson | Lucy Townsend | Craig Fairley | — | [35] |
2013 | Kenny Rackers | Keleb Stalder | Lucy Townsend | Ryan Fairley | Tomoaki Tanaka | [12][36][2] |
2014 | Joshua Shepherd | Ryan Fairley | Lucy Townsend | Sheldon Ronald | — | [37] |
2015 | Chris Anderson | Ryan Fairley | Keavy Morgan | Chris Anderson | — | [38] |
2016 | Chris Anderson | Chris Anderson | Flo Early | Ryan Fairley[39] | — | [40][41] |
2017 | Chris Anderson | Chris Anderson | Keavy Morgan | Chris Anderson | Roni Aloe | [42] |
2018 | Chris Anderson | Christopher Parperis | Flo Early | Chris Anderson | — | [43][44][45][42] 克里斯·安德森创下 22 场比赛胜利的新纪录。 |
2019 | Max McDougall[46] | Ryan Fairley | Flo Early | Mark Kitt | Trent Unsworth | [47] 弗洛·娥莉在女子赛事中创下 4 场比赛胜利的新纪录。 |
2020 | — | — | — | — | — | 因新冠疫情,赛事取消。[48] |
2021 | — | — | — | — | — | 因新冠疫情,赛事取消。[49] |
注释
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Cheese Rolling. BBC Gloucestershire. 30 May 2005 [31 May 2013]. (原始内容存档于3 March 2012).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 American flies in to win Gloucestershire cheese rolling contest. The Guardian. 27 May 2013. (原始内容存档于24 July 2013).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cheese-maker warned against supplying Gloucester cheese-rolling. www.BBC.co.uk (BBC News Online). 24 May 2013 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Cheese Rolling: A brief history. BBC. 13 November 1994 [2018-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-07).
- ^ Spicer, Dorothy Gladys. Yearbook of English Festivals. New York: H.W. Wilson Company. 1954: 238–239.
- ^ Anon. "Cheese Rolling on Coopers Hill, Exhibition", Gloucester City and Folk Museums, Gloucester, 14 July 2012.
- ^ Previous years/cheese-rolling.co.uk. 2007. (原始内容存档于2007-10-17).
- ^ 存档副本. [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Coopers Hill cheese-rolling fans hold unofficial race. www.BBC.co.uk (BBC News online). 31 May 2011 [31 May 2011]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ Smarts: Great Cheese Keeps Rolling - The Cheese Shed. www.thecheeseshed.com. [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ More Cheese Rolling facts and information. Cheese-Rolling.co.uk. [20 October 2017]. (原始内容存档于31 May 2013).
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Gloucestershire cheese-rolling takes place despite warning. BBC News. 27 May 2013 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ 13.0 13.1 Cheese-chasing champion retires injured after fifth Gloucestershire win. The Telegraph. 2009 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 Cheese Rolling, Roll of Hounor/cheese-rolling.co.uk. 2007. (原始内容存档于2007-10-17).
- ^ 15.0 15.1 Race results 1997 events/Cheese-Rolling.co.uk. 1997. (原始内容存档于2008-07-05).
- ^ Race results 1995 events. newspapers.com. 1995 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ Cheese rolling festival takes dangerous turn. CNN. 1997 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-19).
- ^ Race results 1998 events/cheese-rolling.co.uk. 1998. (原始内容存档于2007-06-22).
- ^ Race results 1999 events/cheese-rolling.co.uk. 1999. (原始内容存档于2007-06-22).
- ^ Race results 2000 events/cheese-rolling.co.uk. 2000. (原始内容存档于2007-06-22).
- ^ Race results 2001 events/cheese-rolling.co.uk. 2001. (原始内容存档于2007-06-22).
- ^ Fallen cheese-roller (Craig Brown) calls it a day. bbc.co.uk. 2002 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-02).
- ^ Earthquake halts cheese rolling races 2003. bbc.co.uk. 2003 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-19).
- ^ Falling down hills: Ellis takes the big cheese. www.NZHerald.co.nz (The New Zealand Herald). 2 June 2004 [10 May 2017]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-12).
- ^ Chasing the Big Cheese 2004. bbc.co.uk. 2004 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ Chasing the cheese in 2005. bbc.co.uk. 2005 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-03).
- ^ Cheese Rollercoaster -The world famous Cooper's Hill Cheese Rolling returned with a bang for 2006. bbc.co.uk. 2006 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ Cheese Rolling 2007. bbc.co.uk. 2007 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-19).
- ^ Gloucestershire Cheese Rolling 2008 review. soglos.com. 2008 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-12).
- ^ Cooper's Hill Cheese-Rolling 2009. archive.boston.com. 2009 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ Cheese Rolling 2009. bbc.co.uk. 2009 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ Hundreds defy cheese rolling ban. The Telegraph. 2010 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ Coopers Hill cheese-rolling fans hold unofficial race 2011. bbc.co.uk. 2011 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ 2011 Chris Anderson, 23, from Brockworth, holds all three cheeses he won today. heart.co.uk. 2011 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-02).
- ^ "I don't even like cheese". Mirror.co.uk. 2012 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ American Wins Annual Cooper's Hill Cheese-Rolling Race. BBC America. 2013 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-11).
- ^ Gloucestershire cheese race winner finds himself in a pickle. theguardian.com. 2014 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ Thousands watch Gloucestershire cheese rolling races. bbc.co.uk. 2015 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-09).
- ^ Gloucestershire Cheese Rolling 2016 - the tumbles. YouTube. 2016. (原始内容存档于2021-12-22).
- ^ Cheese-Rolling results and pictures 2016/gloucestershirelive.co.uk. 2016. (原始内容存档于2018-07-10).
- ^ Champion chaser who hates cheese wins for the 17th time. Evening standard. 2016 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ 42.0 42.1 Gloucester cheese-rolling veteran breaks all-time record. www.BBC.co.uk (BBC News). 2018 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-24).
- ^ Gloucestershire cheese race winner is the all-time grate. theguardian.com. 2018 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ Cheese Rolling 2018 - all the pictures from Cooper's Hill. gloucestershirelive.co.uk. 2018 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-02).
- ^ Cheese Rolling, Coopers Hill 2018 - all the pictures Photo 60 of 61. gloucestershirelive.co.uk. 2018 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ Gibbon, Tom; Richards, Madelaine. Cheese rolling 2019 as it happened from Cooper's Hill. GloucestershireLive. 27 May 2019 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-02).
- ^ Cheese rolling 2019 LIVE! Latest action from Cooper's Hill in Gloucestershire. gloucestershirelive.co.uk. 2019 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ Gloucestershire Cheese Rolling cancelled for 2020 amid Coronavirus fears. soglos.com. May 25, 2020 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).
- ^ Cooper's Hill Cheese-Rolling and Wake cancelled for 2021. gloucestershirelive.co.uk. April 20, 2021 [2022-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-16).