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复活

维基百科，自由的百科全书
关于与“复活”标题相近或相同的条目，请见“复活 (消歧义)”。
耶稣复活

复活（英语：Resurrection 或 anastasis）是死亡后生命回复的概念。在许多信仰中存在死而复生的神祇或神圣人物，如欧西里斯、阿多尼斯、耶稣、哪吒等。转世是其他宗教假设的类似过程，它涉及同一个人或神灵回到不同的身体，而不是同一个身体。

死人的复活是亚伯拉罕宗教的标准末世论。作为一个宗教概念，它被用于两个不同的方面：对当前和正在进行的个体灵魂复活的信仰（基督教理想主义、已实现终末论），或者对死者在末世的单一复活的信仰世界。有些人认为灵魂是人们复活的实际载体。[1]

耶稣的死和复活是基督教的中心焦点。基督教神学争论随之而来的是关于什么样的复活是真实的—是灵体进入天堂的灵性复活，或是人体生命恢复的物质复活。[2] 虽然大多数基督徒相信耶稣从死里复活和升天是在一个物质身体里，但有些人相信它是灵性上的。[3][4][5]

该概念的阐释不一定与不死灵魂的宗教信念相关。

宗教及哲学上的复活

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古埃及人

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复活的思想，存在于古今的宗教中。古代埃及人相信，人死后可以复活，但要保存尸体。因此不少古埃及人选择将自己遗体制成木乃伊，有些还建造金字塔，以便保存遗体，等候复活或复活的可能。

基督教、天主教及犹太教

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古代犹太教信仰，相信肉身复活。根据《新约圣经》记载，耶稣基督在被钉死后三天复活。相信耶稣死后复活乃基督教的重要教义信仰的根基：

假如死人复活是没有的事，基督也就没有复活，假如基督没有复活，那么，我们的宣讲便是空的，你们的信仰也是空的。（哥林多前书：15，13-14）

现今天主教、东正教和基督新教相信，人死后灵魂和身体都会复活到天堂或地狱。各基督教派对复活阐述的细节却略有不同。在宗教史上，古希腊哲学曾对犹太教对基督宗教所信仰的复活产生影响[6]。

在某些场合下复活和轮回相似，即没有涉及复活的对象是否保持同一个身体或灵魂的连续性，如启示录的未来世界。

疑似死后复活

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参见：濒死经验

现时有不少疑似死后复活的例子。一般是因为病者进入深度昏迷 (俗称假死) 而被误判为死亡，但在送葬时突然苏醒，像‘死后复活’一样。[7] [8] [9][10][11]在有些情况下，病人会感觉自己像是去了天堂或地狱一样，详见濒死经验。

另外，也曾发生过因外表或其他原因相似，医院、政府工作人员及家属，误以为其仍在生人士是另一位死者，后来找到了生还者，像是复活一样。[12]

科幻及未来学上复活的可能性

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除了从宗教的角度以外，亦有人认为医疗及生物科技最终能使人类和其他生物复活。[13][14][15]

有少数的现代人，选择以人体冷冻技术或化学脑保存等遗体保存技术的形式来保存自己的遗体和大脑，幻想并等候未来可能出现的先进科技和医学能使他们复活。 [16][17][18]

参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Gregory of Nyssa: "On the Soul and the Resurrection:" However far from each other their natural propensity and their inherent forces of repulsion urge them, and debar each from mingling with its opposite, none the less will the soul be near each by its power of recognition, and will persistently cling to the familiar atoms, until their concourse after this division again takes place in the same way, for that fresh formation of the dissolved body which will properly be, and be called, resurrection. Ccel.org. [2021-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-02）. 
  2. ^ As in the Apostles' Creed: "I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and life everlasting." Catholic Encyclopedia: General Resurrection （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: "Resurrection is the rising again from the dead, the resumption of life. The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) teaches that all men, whether elect or reprobate, "will rise again with their own bodies which they now bear about with them" (chapter "Firmiter"). In the language of the creeds and professions of faith this return to life is called resurrection of the body (resurrectio carnis, resurrectio mortuoram, anastasis ton nekron) for a double reason: first, since the soul cannot die, it cannot be said to return to life; second the heretical contention of Hymeneus and Philitus that the Scriptures denote by resurrection not the return to life of the body, but the rising of the soul from the death of sin to the life of grace, must be excluded."
  3. ^ Symes, R. C. According to Paul of Tarsus, the resurrection transformed Jesus into the Christ, the Son of God and Savior of the world. Christ's resurrected body was not a resuscitated physical body, but a new body of a spiritual/celestial nature: the natural body comes first and then the spiritual body (1 Cor. 15:46). Paul never says that the earthly body becomes immortal.. religioustolerance.org. [2021-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-09）. 
  4. ^ The Watchtower Society claims that Jesus was not raised in His actual physical human body, but rather was raised as an invisible spirit being—what He was before, the archangel Michael. They believe that Christ's post-Resurrection appearances on earth were on-the-spot manifestations and materializations of flesh and bones, with different forms, that the Apostles did not immediately recognize. Their explanation for the statement "a spirit hath not flesh and bones" is that Christ was saying that he was not a ghostly apparition, but a true materialization in flesh, to be seen and touched, as proof that he was actually raised. But that, in fact, the risen Christ was, in actuality, a divine spirit being, who made himself visible and invisible at will. The Christian Congregation of Jehovah’s Witnesses believes that Christ’s perfect manhood was forever sacrificed at Calvary, and that it was not actually taken back. They state: "...in his resurrection he ‘became a life-giving spirit.’ That was why for most of the time he was invisible to his faithful apostles... He needs no human body any longer... The human body of flesh, which Jesus Christ laid down forever as a ransom sacrifice, was disposed of by God’s power."—Things in Which it is Impossible for God to Lie, pages 332, 354.
  5. ^ Resurrection Theories. Gospel-mysteries.net. [2013-05-04]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-09）. 
  6. ^ 《论灵魂和身体复活》，德尔图良，道风书社，2001年5月版
  7. ^ 死亡少年殡仪馆内突然复活. 搜孤新闻. [2020-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）. 
  8. ^ 少女在被火化前复活家人误以为其病亡. 中医中药网. [2020-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2012-09-26）. 
  9. ^ 重慶少女在被火化前復活家人誤以為其病亡. 新华网. [2020-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-05）. 
  10. ^ 嚇壞法醫！癌末男輕生　死8小時復活. TVBS. [2011-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2011-05-28）. 
  11. ^ 智利一名八旬老翁棺材中突然"復活". 人民网. [2019-06-09]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-09）. 
  12. ^ 【死而復生】70歲老人車禍身亡後被火化　11年後「突然復活」. 香港经济日报. （原始内容存档于2023-04-27）. 
  13. ^ 人死復生不再是夢 動物實驗已成功. 人民网. [2005-09-25]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）. 
  14. ^ 人俄罗斯科学家称人体温降低两度可多活120到150年. 人民网. [2010-01-01]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-09）. 
  15. ^ 死而复生动物实验获成功 专家观点激烈碰撞. 新浪网科技时代. [2020-01-01]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-26）. 
  16. ^ 复活冷冻人体不再是梦. eNet 中国IT信息与商务门户. [2007-01-19]. （原始内容存档于2007-09-27）. 
  17. ^ 千年古尸能复活吗？. 百拇医药. [2020-01-01]. （原始内容存档于2006-01-09）. 
  18. ^ 齐齐哈尔木乃伊死因之谜. ido社区. [2010-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2010-04-04）. 

外部链接

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