海麒麟总科
海麒麟总科
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| Doris odhneri | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 软体动物门 Mollusca |
| 纲： | 腹足纲 Gastropoda |
| 目： | 裸鳃目 Nudibranchia |
| 亚目： | 海牛亚目 Doridina |
| 下目： | 海牛下目 Doridoidei |
| 总科： | 海麒麟总科 Doridoidea Rafinesque, 1815 |
| 科 | |
| 异名[1] | |
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海麒麟总科（学名：Doridoidea），或作海蛞蝓总科、海牛总科或隐鳃海牛超科[2]，是海牛亚目海牛下目之下四个总科级分类级别之一，在生物分类学属于裸鳃目（旧作隐鳃目）的海洋腹足纲软体动物[1]。
语源
[编辑]海牛总科的学名源于海牛属；而海牛属的学名Doris又源于希腊神话的海怪宁芙多里斯。
分类
[编辑]1997年分类
[编辑]
根据1997年《旁得和林德伯格的腹足类分类》所列出的分类，海牛总科亦作仿海牛总科，是后生腹足下纲后鳃目裸鳃亚目类花鳃类次目（Anthobranchia Férussac, 1819）的成员，包括下列四个科[3]。
- 总科 仿海牛总科 Doridoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- 总科 Doridoxoidea Bergh, 1900
- 总科 Onchidoridoidea Alder & Hancock, 1845
- 总科 Polyceroidea Alder & Hancock, 1845
2005年分类
[编辑]在2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》，现在的海牛下目在当时只是有角鳃类海牛亚目之下的一个亚支序，包括下列四个总科与科[1]。
2005年之后的变更
[编辑]Cadlinidae科 Bergh, 1891在2005年的分类被视为多彩海麒麟科的异名[1]；但在R.F. Johnson (2011)的研究[5]显示Cadlina并不属于多彩海麒麟科，所以这个属不应再归属于多彩海麒麟科，而是应该独立成为一个科。而多彩海麒麟科在踢走了Cadlina之后成为了单系群，很可能是Actinocyclidae的姊妹分类单元。2017年《布歇特等人的腹足类分类》亦加入了这个修订[6]。
科
[编辑]截至2018年7月9日[update]，WoRMS纪录本总科包括下列五个科[7]：
- Family Actinocyclidae O'Donoghue, 1929
- Family Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891
- 多彩海麒麟科 Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891[4]
- 圆盘海麒麟科 Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
- 海麒麟科 Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815
- 科地位未定
- Subfamily Miamirinae Bergh, 1891
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- 异名
以下各科被认为是其他科的异名。这些名字有时亦会在部分文献里出现[7]：
- Family Aldisidae Odhner, 1939 accepted as Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891
- Family Archidorididae Bergh, 1891 accepted as Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815
- Subfamily Cadlinellinae Odhner, 1934 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891
- Family Ceratosomatidae Gray, 1857 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891 (Under Art. 23.9, declared nomen oblitum by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
- Subfamily Conualeviinae Collier & Farmer, 1964 accepted as Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815
- Family Diaululidae Bergh, 1891 accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
- Subfamily Doriprismaticinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891 (Under Art. 23.9, declared nomen oblitum by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
- Family Echinochilidae Odhner, 1968 accepted as Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891
- Family Geitodorididae Odhner, 1968 accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
- Family Glossodorididae O'Donoghue, 1924 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891
- Family Gruveliidae Thiele, 1931 accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
- Family Halgerdidae Odhner, 1926 accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
- Subfamily Inudinae Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1967 accepted as Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891
- 斑刺海麒麟科 Kentrodorididae Bergh, 1891[4]现时被视为圆盘海麒麟科（Discodorididae Bergh, 1891）的异名；
- Subfamily Lissodoridinae Odhner, 1968 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891
- Subfamily Neodoridinae Odhner, 1968 accepted as Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815
- Family Platydorididae Bergh, 1891 accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
- Family Rostangidae Pruvot-Fol, 1951 accepted as Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
- Subfamily Thorunninae Odhner, 1926 accepted as Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891
- 以下分类单元曾被认为是异名，现在重新使用：
- 星被海牛科 Asteronotidae Thiele, 1931
- Baptodorididae Odhner, 1926
跟原来的隐鳃目的差异
[编辑]隐鳃目被认为是海牛总科的异名： Cryptobranch dorid nudibranchs (previously known as the taxon Cryptobranchia), are nudibranch sea slugs within the clade Doridacea. These slugs are called "cryptobranch," meaning "hidden gill", because they are able to retract their gills into a gill pocket, in contrast to nudibranchs in the traditional group phanerobranchs (or Phanerobranchia), which taxon is probably paraphyletic (in other words, composed of more than one evolutionary lineage).
A. Valdés distinguishes two major clades within the Cryptobranchia: the dorids that have no radula (the Porostomata); and those with a radula (the Labiostomata). The Labiostomata include the monophyletic families: Actinocyclidae, Chromodorididae, Dorididae and Discodorididae.
The cryptobranchs include the following genera that are regarded as valid :
- Doris Linnaeus, 1758
- Asteronotus Ehrenberg, 1831
- Atagema J. E. Gray, 1850
- 团鳃海牛属 Jorunna Bergh, 1876
- Discodoris Bergh, 1877
- Platydoris Bergh, 1877
- Thordisa Bergh, 1877
- Diaulula Bergh, 1878
- Aldisa Bergh, 1878
- Rostanga Bergh, 1879*
- Aphelodoris Bergh, 1879
- Halgerda Bergh, 1880
- Peltodoris Bergh, 1880
- Hoplodoris Bergh, 1880
- Paradoris Bergh, 1884
- Baptodoris Bergh, 1884
- Geitodoris Bergh, 1891
- Gargamella Bergh, 1894
- Alloiodoris Bergh, 1904
- Sclerodoris Eliot, 1904
- Otinodoris White, 1948
- Taringa Er. Marcus, 1955
- Sebadoris Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1960
- Conualevia Collier & Farmer, 1964
- Thorybopus Bouchet, 1977
- Goslineria Valdés, 2001
- Pharodoris Valdés, 2001
- Nophodoris Valdés & Gosliner, 2001.
注释
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
- ^ 深海杰克鱼. 裸鰓目-海牛亞目-隱鰓海牛超科-多彩科-Hypselodoris sp.. 2009-06-20 [2018-07-11] （中文（繁体））.
- ^ Ponder, Winston; Lindberg, David R. Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs; an analysis using morphological characters. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 1997, 119 (2): 83–265. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb00137.x （英语）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 谭天锡; 白振宇; 夏国经. 台灣沿海產裸鰓目軟體動物相的分布調查. 贝类学报 (中华民国贝类学会). 1987, 13: 71–90 （中文（繁体））.
- ^ Johnson, R.F. Breaking family ties: taxon sampling and molecular phylogeny of chromodorid nudibranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoologica Scripta. 2011, 40 (2): 137–157. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00457.x （英语）.
- ^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (编). Doridoidea Rafinesque, 1815. MolluscaBase. 2010-10-16 [2018-07-09] –通过WoRMS.
参考文献
[编辑]- VALDÉS, ÁNGEL. Preliminary Molecular Phylogeny of the Radula-less Dorids (GASTROPODA: OPISTHOBRANCHIA), Based on 16S mtDNA Sequence Data. J. Molluscan Stud. 2003, 69 (1): 75–80 [2018-07-09]. doi:10.1093/mollus/69.1.75. （原始内容存档于2005-12-14）.
- Valdés, Angel. A phylogenetic analysis and systematic revision of the cryptobranch dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia, Anthobranchia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London: The Linnean Society of London). 2002, 136 (4): 535–536. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00039.x. （原始内容存档于2012-10-19）.
- Valdés, A. A phylogenetic analysis and systematic revision of the cryptobranch dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia, Anthobranchia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Blackwell Publishing). 2002, 136 (4): 535–536 [2010-03-08]. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00039.x. （原始内容存档于2018-07-09）.
