秋扒层

秋扒层
地层年代：马斯垂克期
~72–66 Ma

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秋扒层; 地层年代：马斯垂克期; ~72–66 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	秋扒层的红棕色粉砂岩
类型	层
属于	潭头群
上覆	高峪沟层
下伏	石台街层
岩性
主要	泥岩、粉砂岩
次要	砂岩、砾岩
地点
取名自	秋扒乡
经纬度	33°54′N 111°48′E / 33.9°N 111.8°E
地区	河南省
国家	中国
范围	潭头盆地
	[[file: 秋扒层 (中国) 秋扒层 (河南)\|frameless\|alt=]]

秋扒层（英文：Qiupa Formation）是位于中华人民共和国河南省的地层组，地质年代为晚白垩纪的马斯垂克期，约为7,200万至6,600万年前^[1]^[2]^[3]。该地层组除了恐龙化石外，还发现了许埋藏丰富的恐龙蛋化石。

地质学

秋扒层的沉积特征为红棕色的粉砂岩夹杂多层的泥岩与砾岩，显示该地于白垩纪当时属于宽阔而水浅的曲流以及由辫状河流冲积而成的三角洲^[2]^[3]。

古生物群

秋扒层埋藏有数量丰富的恐龙与恐龙蛋化石，包含了兽脚亚目的伤齿龙科、驰龙科与偷蛋龙类等演化支的物种。此外，还发现了包含蜥脚下目、鸟脚亚目、甲龙亚目、蜥蜴、龟鳖目及疑似为鸟翼类在内的未定种化石^[4]^[2]。

恐龙总目

秋扒层的恐龙
属	种	化石材料	注解	图片
甲龙科未定属 Ankylosauridae indet.	未定种	牙齿、完整的背椎、不完整的背肋及坐骨^[5]。
长形蛋科（英语：Elongatoolithidae）未定属 Elongatoolithidae sp.	未定种	145片蛋壳，推测是来自偷蛋龙科物种^[6]。
栾川盗龙属 Luanchuanraptor	河南栾川盗龙 L. henanensis	牙齿、额骨及不完整的颅后骨骼^[7]。	属于驰龙科
秋扒龙属 Qiupalong	河南秋扒龙 Q. henanensis	髂骨、坐骨、耻骨及右后肢^[8]。	属于似鸟龙科
秋扒爪龙属 Qiupanykus	张氏秋扒爪龙 Q. zhangi	脊椎骨及后肢^[3]。	属于阿瓦拉慈龙科
暴龙属 "Tyrannosaurus"	栾川暴龙 T. luanchuanensis	五颗完整的牙齿^[9]。	属于暴龙科
豫龙属 Yulong	迷你豫龙 Y. mini	完整的颅骨及大部分的颅后骨骼^[10]^[11]。	属于偷蛋龙科

哺乳动物

秋扒层的哺乳动物
属	种	化石材料	注解	图片
洛阳袋兽属 Lotheridium	孟氏洛阳袋兽 L. mengi	几乎完整的颅骨及下颚骨^[12]。	属于三角齿兽科（英语：Deltatheridiidae）
豫俊兽属（英语：Yubaatar） Yubaatar	中原豫俊兽 Y. zhongyuanensis	完整的颅骨及破碎的颅后骨骼^[13]。	属于土鼠亚目（英语：Cimolodonta）

有鳞目

秋扒层的有鳞目物种
属	种	化石材料	注解	图片
伏牛蜥属 Funiusaurus	栾川伏牛蜥 F. luanchuanensis	部分颅骨^[14]。	属于多槽齿蜥类（英语：Polyglyphanodontia）
天宇蜥属 Tianyusaurus	郑氏天宇蜥 T. zhengi	颅骨及肩带^[15]。	属于多槽齿蜥类

色键

分类单元	重新分类的分类单元	错误的分类单元	可疑的分类单元或初级同义词	足迹分类单元	蛋分类单元	形态分类群

注释
不确定或暂定的分类单元以小字体展示； ~~被划掉~~的分类单元不可信

参考文献

^ Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Henan Province. Regional Geology of Henan Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. 1989: 1−772.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Jiang, X.-J.; Liu, Y.-Q.; Ji, S.-A.; Zhang, X.-L.; Xu, L.; Jia, S.-H.; Lü, J.-C.; Yuan, C.-X.; Li, M. Dinosaur-bearing strata and K/T boundary in the Luanchuan-Tantou Basin of western Henan Province, China. Science China Earth Sciences. 2011, 54 (1149): 1149–1155. Bibcode:2011ScChD..54.1149J. doi:10.1007/s11430-011-4186-1.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Lü, J. C.; Xu, L.; Chang, H. L.; Jia, S. H.; Zhang, J. M.; Gao, D. S.; Zhang, Y. Y.; Zhang, C. J.; Ding, F. A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan, Henan Province, central China. China Geology. 2018, 1 (1): 28–35. Bibcode:2018CGeo....1...28L. doi:10.31035/cg2018005 .
^ Kobayashi, Y.; Lü, J.; Lee, Y.-N.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X. A new basal ornithomimid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous in Henan Province of China (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2008, 28 (supp. 3): 101A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2008.10010459.
^ Jia, S.-H.; Lü, J.-C.; Xu, L.; Hu, W.-Y.; Li, J.-H.; Zhang, J.-M. Discovery and significance of ankylosaur specimens from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Luanchuan, Henan, China. Geological Bulletin of China. 2010, 29 (4): 483–487.
^ Tanaka, K.; Lü, J.-C.; Kobayashi, Y.; Zelenitsky, D. K.; Xu, L.; Jia, S.; Qin, S.; Tang, M. Description and Phylogenetic Position of Dinosaur Eggshells from the Luanchuan Area of Western Henan Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 2011, 85 (1): 66–74. Bibcode:2011AcGlS..85...66K. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00379.x.
^ Lü, J.-C.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.-L.; Ji, Q.; Jia, S.-H.; Hu, W.-Y.; Zhang, J.-M.; Wu, Y.-H. New dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan area, western Henan, China. Geological Bulletin of China. 2007, 26 (7): 777–786.
^ Xu, L.; Kobayashi, Y.; Lü, J.-C.; Lee, Y. N.; Liu, Y.; Tanaka, K.; Zhang, X.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J. A new ornithomimid dinosaur with North American affinities from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Henan Province of China. Cretaceous Research. 2011, 32 (2): 213–222. Bibcode:2011CrRes..32..213X. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.004.
^ Dong, Z. Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in southern China [Cretaceous dinosaurs of the Henan (south China)]. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology; Nanjing Institute of Paleontology (编). Mesozoic and Cenozoic Redbeds in Southern China. Beijing: Science Press. 1979: 342–350 （Chinese）. Translated paper （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ Lü, J.-C.; Currie, P. J.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.; Pu, H.; Jia, S. Chicken-sized oviraptorid dinosaurs from central China and their ontogenetic implications. Naturwissenschaften. 2013, 100 (2): 165–175. Bibcode:2013NW....100..165L. PMID 23314810. doi:10.1007/s00114-012-1007-0.
^ Wei, X.; Kundrát, M.; Xu, L.; Ma, W.; Wu, Y.; Chang, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhou, X. A new subadult specimen of oviraptorid Yulong mini (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan, central China. Cretaceous Research. 2022, 138 (105261). Bibcode:2022CrRes.13805261W. S2CID 248977151. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105261.
^ Bi, S.; Jin, X.; Li, S.; Du, T. A new Cretaceous Metatherian mammal from Henan, China. PeerJ. 2015, 3: e896. PMC 4400878 . PMID 25893149. doi:10.7717/peerj.896 .
^ Xu, L.; Zhang, X.; Pu, H.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J.; Lü, J.-C.; Meng, J. Largest known Mesozoic multituberculate from Eurasia and implications for multituberculate evolution and biology. Scientific Reports. 2015, 5 (1495): 14950. Bibcode:2015NatSR...514950X. PMC 4615031 . PMID 26492455. doi:10.1038/srep14950 .
^ Xu, L.; Lü, J.-C.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J.; Pu, H.; Zhang, X. A New Lizard (Lepidosauria: Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous of Henan, China. Acta Geologica Sinica. 2014, 88 (4): 1041–1050. Bibcode:2014AcGlS..88.1041X. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12271.
^ Lü, J.-C.; Ji, S.; Dong, Z.; Wu, X.-C. An Upper Cretaceous lizard with a lower temporal arcade. Naturwissenschaften. 2008, 95 (7): 663–669. Bibcode:2008NW.....95..663L. PMID 18338150. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0364-1.

[1] Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Henan Province. Regional Geology of Henan Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. 1989: 1−772.

[Jiang2011-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Jiang, X.-J.; Liu, Y.-Q.; Ji, S.-A.; Zhang, X.-L.; Xu, L.; Jia, S.-H.; Lü, J.-C.; Yuan, C.-X.; Li, M. Dinosaur-bearing strata and K/T boundary in the Luanchuan-Tantou Basin of western Henan Province, China. Science China Earth Sciences. 2011, 54 (1149): 1149–1155. Bibcode:2011ScChD..54.1149J. doi:10.1007/s11430-011-4186-1.

[Lu2018-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Lü, J. C.; Xu, L.; Chang, H. L.; Jia, S. H.; Zhang, J. M.; Gao, D. S.; Zhang, Y. Y.; Zhang, C. J.; Ding, F. A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan, Henan Province, central China. China Geology. 2018, 1 (1): 28–35. Bibcode:2018CGeo....1...28L. doi:10.31035/cg2018005 .

[4] Kobayashi, Y.; Lü, J.; Lee, Y.-N.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X. A new basal ornithomimid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous in Henan Province of China (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2008, 28 (supp. 3): 101A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2008.10010459.

[5] Jia, S.-H.; Lü, J.-C.; Xu, L.; Hu, W.-Y.; Li, J.-H.; Zhang, J.-M. Discovery and significance of ankylosaur specimens from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Luanchuan, Henan, China. Geological Bulletin of China. 2010, 29 (4): 483–487.

[6] Tanaka, K.; Lü, J.-C.; Kobayashi, Y.; Zelenitsky, D. K.; Xu, L.; Jia, S.; Qin, S.; Tang, M. Description and Phylogenetic Position of Dinosaur Eggshells from the Luanchuan Area of Western Henan Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 2011, 85 (1): 66–74. Bibcode:2011AcGlS..85...66K. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00379.x.

[7] Lü, J.-C.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.-L.; Ji, Q.; Jia, S.-H.; Hu, W.-Y.; Zhang, J.-M.; Wu, Y.-H. New dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan area, western Henan, China. Geological Bulletin of China. 2007, 26 (7): 777–786.

[8] Xu, L.; Kobayashi, Y.; Lü, J.-C.; Lee, Y. N.; Liu, Y.; Tanaka, K.; Zhang, X.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J. A new ornithomimid dinosaur with North American affinities from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Henan Province of China. Cretaceous Research. 2011, 32 (2): 213–222. Bibcode:2011CrRes..32..213X. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.004.

[9] Dong, Z. Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in southern China [Cretaceous dinosaurs of the Henan (south China)]. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology; Nanjing Institute of Paleontology (编). Mesozoic and Cenozoic Redbeds in Southern China. Beijing: Science Press. 1979: 342–350 （Chinese）. Translated paper （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[10] Lü, J.-C.; Currie, P. J.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.; Pu, H.; Jia, S. Chicken-sized oviraptorid dinosaurs from central China and their ontogenetic implications. Naturwissenschaften. 2013, 100 (2): 165–175. Bibcode:2013NW....100..165L. PMID 23314810. doi:10.1007/s00114-012-1007-0.

[11] Wei, X.; Kundrát, M.; Xu, L.; Ma, W.; Wu, Y.; Chang, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhou, X. A new subadult specimen of oviraptorid Yulong mini (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan, central China. Cretaceous Research. 2022, 138 (105261). Bibcode:2022CrRes.13805261W. S2CID 248977151. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105261.

[Bi2015-12] Bi, S.; Jin, X.; Li, S.; Du, T. A new Cretaceous Metatherian mammal from Henan, China. PeerJ. 2015, 3: e896. PMC 4400878 . PMID 25893149. doi:10.7717/peerj.896 .

[13] Xu, L.; Zhang, X.; Pu, H.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J.; Lü, J.-C.; Meng, J. Largest known Mesozoic multituberculate from Eurasia and implications for multituberculate evolution and biology. Scientific Reports. 2015, 5 (1495): 14950. Bibcode:2015NatSR...514950X. PMC 4615031 . PMID 26492455. doi:10.1038/srep14950 .

[14] Xu, L.; Lü, J.-C.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J.; Pu, H.; Zhang, X. A New Lizard (Lepidosauria: Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous of Henan, China. Acta Geologica Sinica. 2014, 88 (4): 1041–1050. Bibcode:2014AcGlS..88.1041X. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12271.

[15] Lü, J.-C.; Ji, S.; Dong, Z.; Wu, X.-C. An Upper Cretaceous lizard with a lower temporal arcade. Naturwissenschaften. 2008, 95 (7): 663–669. Bibcode:2008NW.....95..663L. PMID 18338150. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0364-1.

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