西澳大利亚分裂主义

1933年分离主义者印制的“如何投票卡（英语：How-to-vote card）”

西澳大利亚分裂主义是西澳大利亚州于1901年加入澳大利亚联邦后不时会重复发起的议题^[1]^[2]^[3]，其主张主要基于联邦政府因为西澳大利亚州人口稀疏，而偏袒于东部州份的假设^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]。普遍的说法是西澳大利亚州被视为灰姑娘州份，它对联邦政府的贡献远比得到的为多，从而引申出被人口较多的州份所歧视的想法^[8]^[9]^[10]。

沿革

西澳大利亚州占澳大利亚总陆地面积的三分一，其首府珀斯距离最近任何一个澳大利亚的大城市都超过2,000公里，加上西澳大利亚州矿藏丰富，人均收入远高于全国的平均水平，造就民众普遍对国家较低的归属感，每逢经济不景或遭受天灾人祸时，脱澳的呼声都会趁机抬头^[11]^[12]。

1933年公投

当时该州主要的出口为小麦，经济大萧条导致小麦价格暴跌，珀斯的失业率上升至30%。自治同盟成立，主张西澳大利亚州独立，成为“威斯特拉利亚自治领”。公投以68％的票数通过。及后，州政府派员前往英国，要求推翻30多年前加入联邦政府的协议。英国下议院设立专责委员会，经过18个月的谈判和游说最后决定不予处理，并进一步声明不能合法地批准分裂国家。虽然代表团空手而回，但“威斯特拉利亚”（Westralia）自此成为了西澳大利亚州分离主义的代名词^[13]。

1974年威斯特拉利分裂运动

矿业大亨郎·汉考克（英语：Lang Hancock）于1974年组织“威斯特拉利分裂运动”（Westralian Secession Movement），认为澳大利亚各地的贸易壁垒损害了该州的矿材和小麦出口，奈何它所支持的候选人没有在联邦大选（英语：1974 Australian federal election）中胜出。

2020年新冠肺炎期间

新冠肺炎期间，西澳大利亚州封锁了其州界，限制了跨州的往来，分离主义的讨论又再度活跃起来^[14]。据民意调查显示，28%的民众支持脱澳^[15]^[16]^[17]。

参考

^ Musgrave，第100页.
^ Craven, Gregory. Secession, the ultimate states right. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press. 1986: 31. ISBN 0522843174. OCLC 16867753.
^ Wright, Shane. Welcome... to the Republic of Western Australia. The West Australian. 24 April 2010 [3 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2021）. Western Australia has had a long history of flirting with the idea of becoming its own nation state
^ Harrop, Daniel. The Republic of Western Australia: The Legal Possibility of Western Australia's Secession from the Australian Federation (PDF). The Western Australian Jurist. 2011, (3): 233–250 [3 August 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于3 August 2021）.
^ Smith, Dean. Paltry GST share fires up WA secession fervour. The West Australian. 20 April 2017 [3 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2021）（英语）.
^ Heriot, Dianne. Western Australia: State of secession?. aph.gov.au. Parliament House, Canberra: Australian Parliament. 1 September 2017 [3 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2021）（澳大利亚英语）.
^ Hiller, Harry H. Secession in Western Australia: A Continuing Phenomenon?. The Australian Quarterly. 1987, 59 (2): 222–233. JSTOR 20635434. doi:10.2307/20635434.
^ Western Australia: The Cinderella state of the Commonwealth, Barclay & Sharland, 1920 [9 April 2013], （原始内容存档于19 December 2020）
^ Western Australia Now and Then. Cinderella State. wanowandthen.com. [4 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于29 April 2010） –通过National Library of Australia – Trove.
^ Thomas, Athol, Sunshine and space make the Cinderella State an exciting place, The Bulletin (Sydney), 1978-10-10, (10 Oct 1978): 65–67+, ISSN 0007-4039
^ 赫特河公國自立門戶非單一事件西澳州分離主義盛行. 中央广播电台. 2020-08-15 [2023-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-22）.
^ 雄鹰. 脱澳！西澳大利亚州，为什么有独立倾向？. 凤凰网. 2021-08-31 [2023-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-25）.
^ PLAIN ENGLISH. "Westralia under Federation." (15 March 1933), The Bulletin (John Haynes and J.F. Archibald), 1933-03-15, 54 (2770): 9, ISSN 0007-4039
^ Why WA wants to break off from the rest of Australia. 7NEWS.com.au. 2020-10-06 [2020-11-22]. （原始内容存档于31 October 2020）（英语）.
^ 'Deeply concerning': One-in-four want WAxit. The West Australian. 5 October 2020 [5 October 2020]. （原始内容存档于5 October 2020）（英语）.
^ How viable is a WA secession?. ABC Radio. 7 October 2020 [8 October 2020]. （原始内容存档于4 February 2022）（澳大利亚英语）.
^ Ex-Palmer pollies behind WAxit election push. The West Australian. 6 October 2020 [8 October 2020]. （原始内容存档于6 October 2020）（英语）.

伸延阅读

1925 to 1950: From Federation to Thoughts on Secession. [2006-04-20]. （原始内容存档于5 April 2006）.
Western Australia and Federation. [2006-04-20]. （原始内容存档于15 April 2021）.
Musgrave, Thomas. The Western Australian Secessionist Movement (PDF). （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-08-21）. (2003) 3 Macquarie Law Journal 95.

外部链接

http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/federation/000_bibl.htm （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） A collection of primary sources relating to secession at the J S Battye Library
http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/federation/iss/index.htm （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
http://www.fergco.com/~samgriffith/papers/html/volume3/v3chap5.htm Archive.is的存档，存档日期2007-09-28 – Geoffrey Bolton
http://www.fergco.com/~samgriffith/papers/html/volume3/v3chap6.htm （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） – Campbell Sharman
http://www.curriculum.edu.au/ddunits/units/ms4fq3acts.htm#4act2 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Stateline – Norman Moore talks secession （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[FOOTNOTEMusgrave100-1] Musgrave，第100页.

[Craven-2] Craven, Gregory. Secession, the ultimate states right. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press. 1986: 31. ISBN 0522843174. OCLC 16867753.

[Wright-3] Wright, Shane. Welcome... to the Republic of Western Australia. The West Australian. 24 April 2010 [3 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2021）. Western Australia has had a long history of flirting with the idea of becoming its own nation state

[harrop-4] Harrop, Daniel. The Republic of Western Australia: The Legal Possibility of Western Australia's Secession from the Australian Federation (PDF). The Western Australian Jurist. 2011, (3): 233–250 [3 August 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于3 August 2021）.

[Smith-5] Smith, Dean. Paltry GST share fires up WA secession fervour. The West Australian. 20 April 2017 [3 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2021）（英语）.

[Heriot-6] Heriot, Dianne. Western Australia: State of secession?. aph.gov.au. Parliament House, Canberra: Australian Parliament. 1 September 2017 [3 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2021）（澳大利亚英语）.

[Hiller-7] Hiller, Harry H. Secession in Western Australia: A Continuing Phenomenon?. The Australian Quarterly. 1987, 59 (2): 222–233. JSTOR 20635434. doi:10.2307/20635434.

[8] Western Australia: The Cinderella state of the Commonwealth, Barclay & Sharland, 1920 [9 April 2013], （原始内容存档于19 December 2020）

[wanat-9] Western Australia Now and Then. Cinderella State. wanowandthen.com. [4 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于29 April 2010） –通过National Library of Australia – Trove.

[10] Thomas, Athol, Sunshine and space make the Cinderella State an exciting place, The Bulletin (Sydney), 1978-10-10, (10 Oct 1978): 65–67+, ISSN 0007-4039

[11] 赫特河公國自立門戶非單一事件西澳州分離主義盛行. 中央广播电台. 2020-08-15 [2023-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-22）.

[12] 雄鹰. 脱澳！西澳大利亚州，为什么有独立倾向？. 凤凰网. 2021-08-31 [2023-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-25）.

[13] PLAIN ENGLISH. "Westralia under Federation." (15 March 1933), The Bulletin (John Haynes and J.F. Archibald), 1933-03-15, 54 (2770): 9, ISSN 0007-4039

[14] Why WA wants to break off from the rest of Australia. 7NEWS.com.au. 2020-10-06 [2020-11-22]. （原始内容存档于31 October 2020）（英语）.

[15] 'Deeply concerning': One-in-four want WAxit. The West Australian. 5 October 2020 [5 October 2020]. （原始内容存档于5 October 2020）（英语）.

[how-16] How viable is a WA secession?. ABC Radio. 7 October 2020 [8 October 2020]. （原始内容存档于4 February 2022）（澳大利亚英语）.

[expalmer-17] Ex-Palmer pollies behind WAxit election push. The West Australian. 6 October 2020 [8 October 2020]. （原始内容存档于6 October 2020）（英语）.

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