塞爾克南人種族滅絕
塞爾克南人種族滅絕是指火地群島的原住民部落塞爾克南人在19世紀末至20世紀初遭到的種族滅絕事件。史學家估計，整場種族滅絕共歷時10至20年，導致塞爾克南部落人口從1880年代的大約4000人減少至1900年代初期的幾百人[1]。
19世紀末，在智利和阿根廷政府的支持下，歐洲和南美洲的畜牧公司開始在大火地島上建立大型牧場，再加上火地群島淘金潮的影響，島上的原住民流離失所，生活遭受嚴重影響。由於外來者和原住民之間爆發了暴力衝突，來自歐洲和南美洲其他地方的獵人、牧場工人、金礦工人以及士兵開始對塞爾克南人展開種族滅絕[2][3]。
畜牧公司僱傭其員工或第三方獵人來獵殺或抓捕塞爾克南人。智利和阿根廷軍隊也參與了種族滅絕，並襲擊塞爾克南人。首先受到影響的是生活在大火地島北部的塞爾克南人，他們之後被迫南遷，進入島嶼南部的不適宜放牧牲畜的林區。最終，阿根廷和智利政府向天主教修會組織慈幼會頒發土地補助金，後者建立了數個傳教組織，試圖向餘下的塞爾克南人傳播天主教，餘下的塞爾克南人又被遣送到了道森島上。至1930年，只剩100名左右的塞爾克南人存活[4]。
參考文獻
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