對流層頂
定義
[編輯]
對流層頂是指氣溫不再隨高度而變冷，而且幾乎不含水蒸汽。世界氣象組織正式定義為:
上述定義指出，大氣垂直溫度梯度的不連續性。[2]
位置
[編輯]赤道的對流層平均高度17km，而極區的對流層平均高度9km。[3][4]對流層的氣溫垂直遞減率平均為6.5°C每千米。[5]:112 在平流層，氣溫隨高度增加而增加。
民航班機一般飛行在平流層的底層，以避免雲的影響。[5]:21
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ International Meteorological Vocabulary 2nd. Geneva: Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization. 1992: 636. ISBN 92-63-02182-1.
- ^ Panchev, Stoǐcho. Waves and instabilities in the atmosphere. Dynamic meteorology. D. Reidel Publishing Company. 1985: 129 [1981]. ISBN 90-277-1744-3.
- ^ Hoinka, K. P. Temperature, Humidity, and Wind at the Global Tropopause. Monthly Weather Review (American Meteorological Society). 1999, 127: 2248 – 2265. Bibcode:1999MWRv..127.2248H. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2248:THAWAT>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Gettelman, A.; Salby, M. L.; Sassi, F. Distribution and influence of convection in the tropical tropopause region. Journal of Geophysical Research (American Geophysical Union). 2002, 107. Bibcode:2002JGRD..107.4080G. doi:10.1029/2001JD001048.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Petty, Grant W. A First Course in Atmospheric Thermodynamics. Madison, WI: Sundog Publishing. 2008. ISBN 978-0-9729033-2-5.