擬髭蟾屬

擬髭蟾屬
	Leptobrachium hasseltii（英語：Leptobrachium hasseltii）
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	兩棲綱 Amphibia
目：	無尾目 Anura
科：	角蟾科 Megophryidae
屬：	擬髭蟾屬 Leptobrachium; Tschudi（英語：Johann Jakob von Tschudi）, 1838
模式種
	Leptobrachium hasseltii（英語：Leptobrachium hasseltii）; Tschudi（英語：Johann Jakob von Tschudi）, 1838
物種
	約35種，詳見內文
異名
	髭蟾屬 Vibrissaphora Liu, 1945;

擬髭蟾屬（學名：Leptobrachium）是無尾目角蟾科的一屬動物，原髭蟾屬（Vibrissaphora）已併入該屬^[1]^[2]。

分佈

本屬物種分佈於華南、印度東北、東南亞、巽他陸棚上的島嶼，以及菲律賓^[3]。牠們的特點是有結實的身體和細長的後肢^[4]。

形態特徵

本屬物種眼睛虹膜的顏色是分辨各物種的關鍵：例如波普擬髭蟾（波普擬髭蟾）就有一雙藍眼睛；有些物種的虹色單一，但也有物種的虹蟆只有上半圈有顏色，而下半圈只有深色^[5]。

分類

演化樹

擬髭蟾屬的姐妹群、跟擬髭蟾屬位處同一演化支的包括有齒突蟾屬及齒蟾屬^[3]^[7]。

亞屬

本屬已確認的亞屬有以下兩個^[3]：

同名亞屬Leptobrachium，以及
Vibrissaphora，即過往的髭蟾屬，模式種是峨眉髭蟾（Vibrissaphora boringii）。

這兩者的差異，就只是在形態上牠們的雄性動物的上唇在繁殖季節有沒有長出婚刺（英語：nuptial pad）。後來的遺傳分析不支持過往這種基於形態的分離，但仍然表明存在兩個不同的演化支，所以把兩支演化支視為同屬的亞屬比較合適。從生物地理學來說，兩者在地理上也有不同的分佈：Vibrissaphora亞屬分佈於華南及中南半島，而指名亞屬分佈於馬來半島及華萊士線西北方的馬來群島^[5]。除此以外，兩者並沒有其他在形態學上可分辨的特徵^[8]。

物種

截至2019年^[update]，Frost的文獻認為本屬現時有36個獲確認的物種^[3]，以及一個有待確認的物種：

Leptobrachium abbotti (Cochran, 1926)
哀牢髭蟾 Leptobrachium ailaonicum (Yang, Chen, and Ma, 1983)
Leptobrachium banae Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 1998
波普擬髭蟾 Leptobrachium bompu Sondhi & Orlov, 2011^[9]）
峨眉髭蟾 Leptobrachium boringii (Liu, 1945)）
Leptobrachium buchardi Ohler, Teynié & David, 2004^[10]
沙巴擬髭蟾 Leptobrachium chapaense (Bourret, 1937)）
廣西擬髭蟾 Leptobrachium guangxiense Fei, Mo, Ye & Jiang, 2009） Leptobrachium gunungense
Leptobrachium gunungense Malkmus, 1996
海南擬髭蟾 Leptobrachium hainanensis Ye & Fei In Ye, Fei & Hu, 1993）
Leptobrachium hasseltii Tschudi, 1838
Leptobrachium hendricksoni Taylor, 1962
華深擬髭蟾 Leptobrachium huashen Fei and Ye, 2005）
Leptobrachium ingeri Hamidy, Matsui, Nishikawa, and Belabut, 2012
Leptobrachium kanowitense Hamidy, Matsui, Nishikawa, and Belabut, 2012
Leptobrachium kantonishikawai Hamidy and Matsui, 2014^[11]
雷山髭蟾 Leptobrachium leishanense (Liu and Hu, 1973)）
Leptobrachium leucops Stuart, Rowley, Tran, Le & Hoang, 2011^[12]
崇安髭蟾 Leptobrachium liui (Pope, 1947)）
Leptobrachium lumadorum Brown, Siler, Diesmos & Alcala, 2010
Leptobrachium lunatum Stuart, Som, Neang, Hoang, Le, Dau, Potter & Rowley, 2020^[13]
Leptobrachium mangyanorum Brown, Siler, Diesmos & Alcala, 2010
Leptobrachium masatakasatoi Matsui, 2013^[8]
Leptobrachium montanum Fischer, 1885
Leptobrachium mouhoti Stuart, Sok & Neang, 2006
Leptobrachium ngoclinhense Orlov, 2005
Leptobrachium nigrops Berry & Hendrickson, 1963
原髭蟾 Leptobrachium promustache (Rao, Wilkinson, and Zhang, 2006)）
Leptobrachium pullum (Smith, 1921)
Leptobrachium rakhinensis Wogan, 2012^[14]
Leptobrachium smithi Matsui, Nabhitabhata & Panha, 1999^[15]
Leptobrachium sylheticum Al-Razi, Maria, and Poyarkov, 2021^[16]
Leptobrachium tagbanorum Brown, Siler, Diesmos & Alcala, 2010
丹那沙林擬髭蟾 Leptobrachium tenasserimense Pawangkhanant, Poyarkov, Duong, Naiduangchan, and Suwannapoom, 2018，泰國西部丹那沙林^[17]
騰衝擬髭蟾 Leptobrachium tengchongense Yang, Wang, & Chan, 2016）^[18]
Leptobrachium waysepuntiense Hamidy & Matsui, 2010^[19]
Leptobrachium xanthops Stuart, Phimmachak, Seateun & Sivongxay, 2012^[20]
Leptobrachium xanthospilum Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 1998

參考文獻

^ Yuan, Zhiyong; Chen, Jinmin; Wu, Yunhe; Li, Xianqi; Che, Jing. Revision of the list of amphibian species in Yunnan Province. Biodiversity Science. 2022-04-20, 30 (4): 21470. doi:10.17520/biods.2021470.
^ Vibrissaphora Liu, 1945. GBIF. [2022-07-13]. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-13）（英語）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Frost, Darrel R. Leptobrachium Tschudi, 1838. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. 2017 [2017-06-25]. （原始內容存檔於2019-04-06）（英語）.
^ Matsui, Masafumi; Jarujin Nabhitabhata; Somsak Panha. On Leptobrachium from Thailand with a description of a new species (Anura: Pelobatidae). Japanese Journal of Herpetology. 1999, 18 (1): 19–29. doi:10.5358/hsj1972.18.1_19 .
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Matsui, M.; Hamidy, A.; Murphy, R. W.; Khonsue, W.; Yambun, P.; Shimada, T.; Ahmad, N.; Belabut, D. M.; Jiang, J. P. Phylogenetic relationships of megophryid frogs of the genus Leptobrachium (Amphibia, Anura) as revealed by mtDNA gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2010, 56 (1): 259–272. PMID 20302957. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.03.014.
^ Hudson, C. M.; Fu, J. Male-biased sexual size dimorphism, resource defense polygyny, and multiple paternity in the Emei moustache toad (Leptobrachium boringii). PLOS ONE. 2013, 8 (6): e67502. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...867502H. PMC 3696078 . PMID 23840725. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067502 .
^ Pyron, A. R.; Wiens, J. J. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2011, 61 (2): 543–583. PMID 21723399. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Matsui, M. A new Leptobrachium (Vibrissaphora) from Laos (Anura: Megophryidae). Current Herpetology. 2013, 32 (2): 182–189. S2CID 85577993. doi:10.5358/hsj.32.182. hdl:2433/216851 .
^ Sondhi, S.; Orlov, A. A blue-eyed Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India (PDF). Zootaxa. 2011, 2912: 28–36 [2021-10-24]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2912.1.2. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-10-27）.
^ Ohler, A.; Teynié, A. & David, P. A green-eyed Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from southern Laos (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology（英語：Raffles Bulletin of Zoology）. 204, 52 (2): 695–700. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2012-03-16）.
^ Hamidy A, Matsui M 2014. A New Species of Leptobrachium from the Kelabit Highland, Northwestern Borneo (Anura, Megophryidae). Curr Herpetol. 33(1): 57-67.
^ Stuart, B. L.; Rowley, J. J.; Tran, Dao T. A.; Le, Duong T. T. & Hoang, H. D. The Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) of the Langbian Plateau, southern Vietnam, with description of a new species (PDF). Zootaxa. 2011, 2804: 25–40 [2021-10-24]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2804.1.3 . （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-07-24）.
^ Bryan L. Stuart, Hannah E. Som, Thy Neang, Huy Duc Hoang, Duong Thi Thuy Le, Vinh Quang Dau, Kathy Potter and Jodi J. L. Rowley. 2020. Integrative Taxonomic Analysis reveals A New Species of Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from north-eastern Cambodia and central Vietnam. Journal of Natural History. DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1756498
^ Wogan, G.O.U. 2012. A New Species of Leptobrachium from Myanmar (Anura: Megophryidae). Zootaxa. 3415: 23-36.
^ Dipankar Dutta, Abhijit Das, Amalesh Dutta, Jayanta Gogoi and Saibal Sengupta. 2013. Taxonomic Status and Distribution of Leptobrachium smithi Matsui, Nabhitabhata & Panha, 1999 (Anura: Megophryidae) in India with New Locality Records. Tropical Natural History. 13(2): 87-95
^ Leptobrachium sylheticum Al-Razi, Maria, and Poyarkov, 2021 | Amphibian Species of the World. [2021-10-24]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-26）.
^ Parinya Pawangkhanant, Nikolay A. Poyarkov, Tang Van Duong, Mali Naiduangchan and Chatmongkon Suwannapoom. 2018. A New Species of Leptobrachium (Anura, Megophryidae) from western Thailand. PeerJ. 6:e5584. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5584
^ Jian-Huan Yang, Ying-Yong Wang and Bosco Pui-Lok Chan. 2016. A New Species of the Genus Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from the Gaoligongshan Mountain Range, China. Zootaxa. 4150(2); DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.2.3
^ Hamidy, A.; Matsui, M. A new species of blue-eyed Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from Sumatra, Indonesia (PDF). Zootaxa. 2010, 2395: 34–44 [2021-10-24]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2395.1.3. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-03-03）（英語）.
^ Stuart, B. L.; Phimmachak, S.; Seateun, S.; Sivongxay, N. A new Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from the highlands of southeastern Laos (PDF). Zootaxa. 2012, 2155: 29–37 [2021-10-24]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-07-24）.

外部連結

[1] Yuan, Zhiyong; Chen, Jinmin; Wu, Yunhe; Li, Xianqi; Che, Jing. Revision of the list of amphibian species in Yunnan Province. Biodiversity Science. 2022-04-20, 30 (4): 21470. doi:10.17520/biods.2021470.

[2] Vibrissaphora Liu, 1945. GBIF. [2022-07-13]. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-13）（英語）.

[Frost-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Frost, Darrel R. Leptobrachium Tschudi, 1838. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. 2017 [2017-06-25]. （原始內容存檔於2019-04-06）（英語）.

[Matsui-4] Matsui, Masafumi; Jarujin Nabhitabhata; Somsak Panha. On Leptobrachium from Thailand with a description of a new species (Anura: Pelobatidae). Japanese Journal of Herpetology. 1999, 18 (1): 19–29. doi:10.5358/hsj1972.18.1_19 .

[Matsui2010-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Matsui, M.; Hamidy, A.; Murphy, R. W.; Khonsue, W.; Yambun, P.; Shimada, T.; Ahmad, N.; Belabut, D. M.; Jiang, J. P. Phylogenetic relationships of megophryid frogs of the genus Leptobrachium (Amphibia, Anura) as revealed by mtDNA gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2010, 56 (1): 259–272. PMID 20302957. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.03.014.

[HudsonFu-6] Hudson, C. M.; Fu, J. Male-biased sexual size dimorphism, resource defense polygyny, and multiple paternity in the Emei moustache toad (Leptobrachium boringii). PLOS ONE. 2013, 8 (6): e67502. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...867502H. PMC 3696078 . PMID 23840725. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067502 .

[7] Pyron, A. R.; Wiens, J. J. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2011, 61 (2): 543–583. PMID 21723399. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012.

[Matsui2013-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Matsui, M. A new Leptobrachium (Vibrissaphora) from Laos (Anura: Megophryidae). Current Herpetology. 2013, 32 (2): 182–189. S2CID 85577993. doi:10.5358/hsj.32.182. hdl:2433/216851 .

[9] Sondhi, S.; Orlov, A. A blue-eyed Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India (PDF). Zootaxa. 2011, 2912: 28–36 [2021-10-24]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2912.1.2. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-10-27）.

[10] Ohler, A.; Teynié, A. & David, P. A green-eyed Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from southern Laos (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology（英語：Raffles Bulletin of Zoology）. 204, 52 (2): 695–700. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2012-03-16）.

[11] Hamidy A, Matsui M 2014. A New Species of Leptobrachium from the Kelabit Highland, Northwestern Borneo (Anura, Megophryidae). Curr Herpetol. 33(1): 57-67.

[12] Stuart, B. L.; Rowley, J. J.; Tran, Dao T. A.; Le, Duong T. T. & Hoang, H. D. The Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) of the Langbian Plateau, southern Vietnam, with description of a new species (PDF). Zootaxa. 2011, 2804: 25–40 [2021-10-24]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2804.1.3 . （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-07-24）.

[13] Bryan L. Stuart, Hannah E. Som, Thy Neang, Huy Duc Hoang, Duong Thi Thuy Le, Vinh Quang Dau, Kathy Potter and Jodi J. L. Rowley. 2020. Integrative Taxonomic Analysis reveals A New Species of Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from north-eastern Cambodia and central Vietnam. Journal of Natural History. DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1756498

[14] Wogan, G.O.U. 2012. A New Species of Leptobrachium from Myanmar (Anura: Megophryidae). Zootaxa. 3415: 23-36.

[15] Dipankar Dutta, Abhijit Das, Amalesh Dutta, Jayanta Gogoi and Saibal Sengupta. 2013. Taxonomic Status and Distribution of Leptobrachium smithi Matsui, Nabhitabhata & Panha, 1999 (Anura: Megophryidae) in India with New Locality Records. Tropical Natural History. 13(2): 87-95

[16] Leptobrachium sylheticum Al-Razi, Maria, and Poyarkov, 2021 | Amphibian Species of the World. [2021-10-24]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-26）.

[17] Parinya Pawangkhanant, Nikolay A. Poyarkov, Tang Van Duong, Mali Naiduangchan and Chatmongkon Suwannapoom. 2018. A New Species of Leptobrachium (Anura, Megophryidae) from western Thailand. PeerJ. 6:e5584. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5584

[18] Jian-Huan Yang, Ying-Yong Wang and Bosco Pui-Lok Chan. 2016. A New Species of the Genus Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from the Gaoligongshan Mountain Range, China. Zootaxa. 4150(2); DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.2.3

[19] Hamidy, A.; Matsui, M. A new species of blue-eyed Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from Sumatra, Indonesia (PDF). Zootaxa. 2010, 2395: 34–44 [2021-10-24]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2395.1.3. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-03-03）（英語）.

[20] Stuart, B. L.; Phimmachak, S.; Seateun, S.; Sivongxay, N. A new Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from the highlands of southeastern Laos (PDF). Zootaxa. 2012, 2155: 29–37 [2021-10-24]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-07-24）.

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閱論編按亞目分類的現存的無尾目
界動物界Animalia · 門脊索動物門 Chordata · 亞門脊椎動物亞門 Chordata · 總綱四足總綱 Tetrapoda · 綱兩棲綱 Amphibia
始蛙亞目 Archaeobatrachia	尾蟾科 Ascaphidae · 鈴蟾科 Bombinatoridae · 盤舌蟾科 Discoglossidae · 滑蹠蟾科 Leiopelmatidae
中蛙亞目 Mesobatrachia	角蟾科 Megophryidae · 鋤足蟾科 Pelobatidae · 潛蟾科 Pelodytidae · 負子蟾科Pipidae · 北美鋤足蟾科 Scaphiopodidae · 異舌蟾科 Rhinophrynidae
新蛙亞目 Neobatrachia	真齒蛙科 Amphignathodontidae · 隱林蛙科 Aromobatidae · 節蛙科 Arthroleptidae · 短頭蟾科 Brachycephalidae · 蟾蜍科 Bufonidae · 瞻星蛙科 Centrolenidae · 角花蟾科 Ceratophryidae · Craugastoridae · 叢蛙科 Dendrobatidae · 沼蟾科 Heleophrynidae · 擴角蛙科 Hemiphractidae · 肩蛙科 Hemisotidae · 雨蛙科 Hylidae · 蘆蛙科 Hyperoliidae · 細趾蟾科 Leptodactylidae · 曼蛙科 Mantellidae · 姬蛙科 Microhylidae · 龜蟾科 Myobatrachidae · 箱頭蛙科 Pyxicephalidae · 蛙科 Ranidae · 樹蛙科 Rhacophoridae · 尖吻達蛙科 Rhinodermatidae · 塞舌蛙科 Sooglossidae