無LGBT區

無LGBT區（波蘭語：Strefy wolne od LGBT / 英語：LGBT-free Zones）^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] 指波蘭通過決議宣佈不歡迎LGBT權益的市鎮和地區，^[10]^[11] 它們以法規禁止平權遊行（英語：Equality marches in Poland）及其他任何形式的LGBT活動。^[4]^[12]^[13] 截至2020年6月，波蘭約有100個城市與5個省（約佔波蘭國土面積三分之一）通過了所謂的「無LGBT區」決議。^[1]^[14] 不過截至2023年10月，這些決議中的絕大部分已經撤回。^[3]

大多數「無LGBT區」決議都是由極端保守派、天主教組織法律秩序（英語：Ordo Iuris）遊說而通過。^[15]

事件背景

建立聲明

輿論對抗

示威活動

後果影響

反響批評

參考資料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Claudia Ciobanu. A Third of Poland Declared ‘LGBT-free Zone’. 巴爾幹觀察（英語：Balkan Insight）. Balkan Investigative Reporting Network. 2020-02-25 [2023-11-11].
^ Luke Hurst. Atlas of Hate: Activists nominated for award for tracking ‘LGBT-free zones’ in Poland. 歐洲新聞台. 2020-09-29 [2023-11-11].
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Jakub Gawron. Atlas nienawiści (Atlas of Hate). Marsz Równości w Rzeszowie. [2023-11-11].
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 EU Parliament slams "LGBTI-free" zones in Poland. 德國之聲. 2019-12-28 [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-11-17）.
^ Una Hajdari. The Demagogue’s Cocktail of Victimhood and Strength. 大西洋月刊. 2019-12-31 [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-10-08）.
^ Activist aims to shame Polish towns opposed to LGBT community. 路透社. 2020-02-08 [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-01-28）.
^ Emma Powys Maurice. A third of Poland has now been declared an ‘LGBT-free zone’, making intolerance official. PinkNews（英語：PinkNews）. 2020-02-05 [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2024-01-03）.
^ Activist fights homophobia in Poland with photo series of 'LGBT-free' zones. CBC廣播電台（英語：CBC Radio）. 2020-02-13 [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-08）.
^ Muri Assunção. Outrage over ‘LGBTQ-free zone’ stickers distributed by Polish magazine. 紐約每日新聞. 2019-07-25 [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-11-11）.
^ Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Małopolskiego. Małopolskiego Regionalnego Programu Operacyjnego. [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-09-29）.
^ Rob Picheta; Ivana Kottasová. ‘You don’t belong here’ - In Poland’s ‘LGBT-free zones,’ existing is an act of defiance. CNN. [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-10）.
^ Tim Hume. More Than 80 Polish Towns Have Declared Themselves 'LGBTQ-Free Zones'. Vice新聞. [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-11-11）.
^ Parliament strongly condemns ‘‘LGBTI-free zones’’ in Poland. 歐洲議會. 2019-12-18 [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-02）.
^ Monika Pronczuk. Polish Towns That Declared Themselves ‘L.G.B.T. Free’ Are Denied E.U. Funds. 紐約時報. 2021-04-24 [2023-11-12]. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-31）.
^ “This Is War”: The Story Behind Poland’s Bid to Ban Abortion Today. 轉型在線（英語：Transitions Online）. 2020-04-14 [2023-11-12]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-13）.

延伸閱讀

Tomasz Knecht. The idea of partner cities toward selected local government resolutions in Poland in the years 2019–2020. Rocznik Europeistyczny. 2020-09-04, 5: 123–141. doi:10.19195/2450-274X.5.8.

外部連接

Atlas of Hate （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）——通過反LGBT意識形態政府決議的波蘭地圖
Tu nie chodzi o ludzi （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）——展示有關所謂反LGBT決議政治辯論片段的視頻

[Ciobanu-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Claudia Ciobanu. A Third of Poland Declared ‘LGBT-free Zone’. 巴爾幹觀察（英語：Balkan Insight）. Balkan Investigative Reporting Network. 2020-02-25 [2023-11-11].

[2] Luke Hurst. Atlas of Hate: Activists nominated for award for tracking ‘LGBT-free zones’ in Poland. 歐洲新聞台. 2020-09-29 [2023-11-11].

[Gawron-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Jakub Gawron. Atlas nienawiści (Atlas of Hate). Marsz Równości w Rzeszowie. [2023-11-11].

[DW-4] 4.0 ^4.1 EU Parliament slams "LGBTI-free" zones in Poland. 德國之聲. 2019-12-28 [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-11-17）.

[5] Una Hajdari. The Demagogue’s Cocktail of Victimhood and Strength. 大西洋月刊. 2019-12-31 [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-10-08）.

[6] Activist aims to shame Polish towns opposed to LGBT community. 路透社. 2020-02-08 [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-01-28）.

[7] Emma Powys Maurice. A third of Poland has now been declared an ‘LGBT-free zone’, making intolerance official. PinkNews（英語：PinkNews）. 2020-02-05 [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2024-01-03）.

[8] Activist fights homophobia in Poland with photo series of 'LGBT-free' zones. CBC廣播電台（英語：CBC Radio）. 2020-02-13 [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-08）.

[9] Muri Assunção. Outrage over ‘LGBTQ-free zone’ stickers distributed by Polish magazine. 紐約每日新聞. 2019-07-25 [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-11-11）.

[10] Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Małopolskiego. Małopolskiego Regionalnego Programu Operacyjnego. [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-09-29）.

[11] Rob Picheta; Ivana Kottasová. ‘You don’t belong here’ - In Poland’s ‘LGBT-free zones,’ existing is an act of defiance. CNN. [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-10）.

[12] Tim Hume. More Than 80 Polish Towns Have Declared Themselves 'LGBTQ-Free Zones'. Vice新聞. [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-11-11）.

[13] Parliament strongly condemns ‘‘LGBTI-free zones’’ in Poland. 歐洲議會. 2019-12-18 [2023-11-11]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-02）.

[14] Monika Pronczuk. Polish Towns That Declared Themselves ‘L.G.B.T. Free’ Are Denied E.U. Funds. 紐約時報. 2021-04-24 [2023-11-12]. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-31）.

[15] “This Is War”: The Story Behind Poland’s Bid to Ban Abortion Today. 轉型在線（英語：Transitions Online）. 2020-04-14 [2023-11-12]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-13）.

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