滴液豬籠草
滴液豬籠草 | |
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產自斯里蘭卡辛哈拉加森林保護區的滴液豬籠草的上位籠 | |
科學分類 | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots |
目: | 石竹目 Caryophyllales |
科: | 豬籠草科 Nepenthaceae |
屬: | 豬籠草屬 Nepenthes |
種: | 滴液豬籠草 N. distillatoria
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二名法 | |
Nepenthes distillatoria L., 1753
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滴液豬籠草的分佈地 | |
異名 | |
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滴液豬籠草(學名:Nepenthes distillatoria)是斯里蘭卡特有的的熱帶食蟲植物。其為第二個被描述的豬籠草屬物種,並且是首個正式命名於林奈分類法下的豬籠草屬物種。其還為豬籠草屬的模式種。其種加詞「distillatoria」來源於拉丁文「destillo」和形容詞詞尾「-oria」,意為「提取的、蒸餾的」。
植物學史
[編輯]滴液豬籠草是自馬達加斯加豬籠草(N. madagascariensis)之後第二個被描述的豬籠草屬物種。1677年,丹麥醫生托馬斯·巴托林(Thomas Bartholin)簡要的描述了它,並將其命名為「Miranda herba」,意為「奇妙的藥草」。[12]三年後,荷蘭商人雅各布·布雷納(Jacob Breyne)依當地俗名將其命名為「Bandura zingalensium」。[11]隨後「Bandura」便成為了之後指代豬籠草最常用的名字,直至1737年,卡爾·林奈建立了豬籠草屬。 [14]
1683年,瑞典醫生及博物學家赫爾曼·尼克拉斯·格里姆(Herman Niklas Grim.[13])再次描述了滴液豬籠草。[13]他將其稱為「奇異的滴液植物(Planta mirabilis destillatoria)」。這是第一次有人清楚的描述了豬籠草。[14]三年後,即1686年,英國博物學家約翰·雷援引格林的話說:[注 1][9]
“ | 由於太陽光的照射,地面的水氣升騰並凝結在植株上,水滴隨着莖和葉流入了籠內。(翻譯自拉丁文,見《婆羅洲的豬籠草》[14]) | ” |
1753年,卡爾·林奈使用H·N·格林原種加詞命名了滴液豬籠草。
1737年,約翰內斯·布爾曼(Johannes Burmann)再次在其著作《Thesaurus Zeylanicus》中對滴液豬籠草進行了描述。文中包括一幅帶捕蟲籠和花序枝條的插圖。布爾曼將滴液豬籠草命名為「Bandura zeylanica」。[10]
19世紀後期的園藝貿易中,滴液豬籠草也常與印度豬籠草(N. khasiana)混淆。[16][17][18][19]
生態關係
[編輯]滴液豬籠草是斯里蘭卡特有的物種,也是唯一分佈於該島的豬籠草屬物種。其生長於河堤或森林裏浸水的開闊灌木叢中。滴液豬籠草存在於海拔0至700米處。[1]
由於地理隔離,尚未發現滴液豬籠草的自然雜交種。
種下類群
[編輯]已有三個滴液豬籠草種下類群的描述,但其名稱都不是有效的:
- Nepenthes distillatoria var. rubra (Nichols.) Hort.Veitch ex Lindsay (1891)
- Nepenthes distillatoria var. speciosa Hort.Van Houtte ex Rafarin (1869)
- Nepenthes distillatoria var. vera D.Moore (1872)[20]
註釋
[編輯]參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Clarke, C.M., R. Cantley, J. Nerz, H. Rischer & A. Witsuba. Nepenthes distillatoria. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000. [6 May 2006]. Listed as Vulnerable (VU B1+2d v2.3).
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- ^ 3.0 3.1 (德文) Beck, G. 1895. Die Gattung Nepenthes. Wiener Illustrirte Garten-Zeitung 20(3–6): 96–107, 141–150, 182–192, 217–229.
- ^ Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
- ^ Smith, W.G. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens. (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(430): 398–399.
- ^ [Anonymous] 1877. Reports of Societies. Royal Horticultural (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館). The Gardeners' Chronicle 8(197): 441.
- ^ (拉丁文) Hermann, H. 1726. Badura. In: Musaeum Zeylanicum, sive catalogus plantarum, in Zeylana Sponte Nascentium, observatarum & descriptarum. D. vander Vecht, Lugduni Batavorum. p. 16.
- ^ (拉丁文) Hermann, H. 1726. Bandura. In: Musaeum Zeylanicum, sive catalogus plantarum, in Zeylana Sponte Nascentium, observatarum & descriptarum. D. vander Vecht, Lugduni Batavorum. p. 37.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Ray, J. 1686. Bandura cingalensium etc. Historia Plantarum 1: 721–722.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Burmann, J. 1737. Thesaurus Zeylanicus. Amsterdam.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Breyne, J. 1680. Bandura zingalensium etc. Prodromus Fasciculi Rariorum Plantarum 1: 18.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Bartholinus, T. 1677. Miranda herba. Acta Medica et Philosophica Hafniensa 3: 38.
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Grimm, H.N. 1683. Planta mirabilis destillatoria. In: Miscellanea curiosa sive Ephemeridum. Med. Phys. Germ. Acad. Nat. Cur. Decuriae 2, ann. prim. p. 363, f. 27.
- ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
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- ^ Masters, M.T. 1872. The cultivated species of Nepenthes. (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(16): 540–542.
- ^ Masters, M.T. 1881. New garden plants. Nepenthes Mastersiana×, Hort. Veitch. (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(415): 748–749.
- ^ Masters, M.T. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes rubro-maculata×, Hort. Veitch. (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(423): 143.
- ^ Dixon, W.E. 1889. Nepenthes. (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(144): 354.
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