玄武玻璃

玄武玻璃（英語：Tachylite）是一種玄武質火山玻璃。是經由快速冷卻玄武岩熔融形成的。它是一種鎂鐵質火成岩，可被酸分解，易熔。顏色為黑色或深棕色，具有油膩的樹脂光澤。它非常脆，在岩墻、岩脈和侵入火山岩石中常見。這個詞起源於古希臘語，意思是「迅速」 ^[1]。

玄武玻璃具有瀝青的外觀，有時呈水泡狀，或球狀。它們非常脆，很容易被錘子敲碎。用肉眼可看到其中長石或橄欖石的小晶體。所有的玄武玻璃都容易被風化，所含鐵氧化變成深棕色或紅色。玄武玻璃具有三種產狀，火山渣，岩漿流^[2]^[3]和岩墻及岩脈產狀^[1] 都是在快速冷卻的條件下形成的，但它們比酸性火山玻璃（或黑曜石）少得多，原因是基性岩漿更具液體性，分子有更大的自由度來排列形成晶體^[1]。

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Flett, John S. (1911). "Tachylytes". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 344–345
^ KILAUEA VOLCANO (MT. KILAUEA), James St. John, OSU-Newark, Geology Unusual Newer Volcanics trachyandesite cones in the Gisborne-Woodend and Kyneton-Trentham areas'
^ Clark, V. 2004. Calder Highway Kyneton to Faraday: Sub-surface Archaeological Investigations for Aboriginal Cultural Heritage in Sensitive Areas PAS1, SA1, SA4 and at Site AAV7723-0125, Near Malmsbury, Victoria. Report to VicRoads

[”Flett”-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Flett, John S. (1911). "Tachylytes". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 344–345

[”KILAUEA”-2] KILAUEA VOLCANO (MT. KILAUEA), James St. John, OSU-Newark, Geology Unusual Newer Volcanics trachyandesite cones in the Gisborne-Woodend and Kyneton-Trentham areas'

[”Clark”-3] Clark, V. 2004. Calder Highway Kyneton to Faraday: Sub-surface Archaeological Investigations for Aboriginal Cultural Heritage in Sensitive Areas PAS1, SA1, SA4 and at Site AAV7723-0125, Near Malmsbury, Victoria. Report to VicRoads

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