缽水母綱
缽水母綱 化石時期：
| |
|---|---|
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| Cephea cephea | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 刺胞動物門 Cnidaria |
| 亞門： | 水母亞門 Medusozoa |
| 綱： | 缽水母綱 Scyphozoa Götte, 1887 |
| 目 | |
缽水母綱（學名：Scyphozoa）是刺胞動物門的一個綱[2]。例如水母、海蜇、海月水母、霞水母等。 這類水母早在寒武紀就已出現，直到現在[1]。
語源
[編輯]缽水母綱的學名Scyphozoa源於古希臘語的skyphos（σκύφος），意思就是杯狀的物品。
特徵
[編輯]一類不具緣膜的大型水母。傘緣缺裂呈瓣狀，胃腔中有滿生刺細胞的胃絲。
一般有營裂體的無性生殖世代（附着的水螅體缽形，構造近似海葵）和雌雄交配的有性世代（游泳的水母體傘形，由其內胚層產生生殖細胞）交相更迭的世代交替現象。
分類
[編輯]缽水母綱有：
錐石目（Conulariida）是一個化石分類單元，可能也是缽水母綱的成員，但其從屬具廣泛爭議。
下屬分類
[編輯]本綱包括以下目：
- 目的地位未定的科：
- Carinachitidae
- Circonulariidae
- Conulariellidae
- Conulariidae
- Conulariopsidae
- Corumbellidae
- Hexangulaconulariidae
- Kimberellidae
- Olivooidae
- Pomoriidae
- Rhizostomitidae
- 目、科的地位未定的屬：
- Aciconularia He, 1987
- Adesmoconularia Driscol, 1963
- Asterocites Miroshnikov & Kravtsov, 1965
- Australoconularia Bischoff, 1978
- Barbigodithreca
- Brachina Wade, 1972
- Cathayconularia Xu & Li, 1979
- Changshaconus Zhu, 1985
- Circonularia Bischoff, 1978
- Climacoconus
- Coadunatoscyphus Bischoff, 1989
- Conchopeltis Walcott, 1879
- Conomedusites
- Conulariella Boucek, 1928
- Conularina
- Conulariopsiella Xu & Li, 1979
- Ctenoconularia Sinclair, 1952
- Ediacaria Sprigg, 1947
- Eomedusa Popov, 1968
- Epomis Lesson, 1843
- Garraconularia Bischoff, 1978
- Glyptoconularia Sinclair, 1952
- Haplorhiza Haeckel, 1880
- Hexangulaconularia He, 1984
- Holoconularia Hergarten, 1985
- Hughaea
- Hunanoconularia Xu & Li, 1979
- Ilankirus Sarsembaev & Marusin, 2022
- Jiangsuconularia Ding & Li, 1984
- Jilinoconularia Liu, 1981
- Jixiania Niu, 1987
- Lagenaconularia He, 1984
- Leioconularia Xu & Li, 1985
- Mabianoconullus He, 1984
- Malvinoconularia Babcock, Feldmann, Wilson & Suarez-Riglos, 1987
- Mariochrea Valkov, 1982
- Mawsonites Glaessner & Wade, 1966
- Mawsonites randellensis Sun, 1986[3]
- Melitea Péron & Lesueur, 1810
- Mesoconularia
- Microconularia Percival, 2009
- Nanjingoconularia Ding & Li, 1984
- Orythia Lamarck, 1816
- Palaenigma Walcott, 1885
- Paraurelia Gaillard, Goy, Bernier, Bourseau, Gall, Barale, Buffetaut & Wenz, 2006
- Persimedusites Hahn & Pflug, 1980
- Prestephanoscyphus Bischoff, 1989
- Quadrosiphogonuchites Chen, 1982
- Reticulaconularia Babcock & Feldmann, 1986
- Selindeochrea Valkov, 1982
- Shixiconularia Liu, 1981
- Sinoconularia Zhang, 1976
- Sinusconularia Hergarten, 1994
- Sphenothallus J.Hall, 1847
- Stauridinia Fedonkin, 1990
- Stellostomites Sun & Hou, 1987
- Striatoconularia Xu & Li, 1985
- Stygiomedusae Russell, 1959
- Tasmanoconularia Parfrey, 1982
- Teresconularia Leme, Heredia, Rodrigues, Simoes, Acenolaza & Milana, 2003
- Tirasiana Palij, 1976
- Vendoconularia Ivantsov & Fedonkin, 2002
- Wadea Jenkins, 1992
- Wufengoconularia Li, 1993
- Xizangoconularia Xu & Li, 1985
- Yangoconularia Xu & Li, 1985
- Yinoconularia Zhu, 1985
- Yunnanomedusa Sun & Hou, 1987
圖片
[編輯]-
Sea nettle Jellyfish (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) at 蒙特瑞灣水族館. -
Blubber jelly (Catostylus mosaicus) at 蒙特瑞灣水族館. -
Mastigias papua at the 蒙特瑞灣水族館. -
Australian spotted jellyfish (Phyllorhiza punctata). -
Mediterranean Jellyfish (Cotylorhiza tuberculata) at the 蒙特瑞灣水族館. -
Flower hat jelly at the 蒙特瑞灣水族館. -
Aurelia aurita -
Stomolophus_meleagris
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Liu, Yunhuan; Shao, Tiequan; Zhang, Huaqiao; Wang, Qi; Zhang, Yanan; Chen, Cheng; Liang, Yongchun; Xue, Jiaqi. A new scyphozoan from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China. Palaeontology. 2017-06-04, 60 (4): 511–518. doi:10.1111/pala.12306 （英語）.
- ^ Dawson, Michael N. The Scyphozoan. [2008-08-11]. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-28）.
- ^ Sun Wei-Guo (1986) Late Precambrian scyphozoan medusa Mawsonites randellensis sp. nov. and its significance in the Ediacara metazoan assemblage, South Australia, Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 10:3, 169-181, DOI: 10.1080/03115518608619152
- 任淑仙. 无脊椎动物学 上 （中文（簡體））.
