過氯酸羥銨

過氯酸羥銨
別名	HAP; 羥胺高氯酸鹽
識別
CAS號	15588-62-2
PubChem	167307
SMILES	NO.OCl(=O)(=O)=O;
InChI	1S/ClHO4.H3NO/c2-1(3,4)5;1-2/h(H,2,3,4,5);2H,1H2;
InChIKey	BMMNWPYKMOFBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
性質
化學式	H4ClNO5
摩爾質量	133.49 g·mol−1
外觀	針狀晶體
熔點	87.5—88 °C（360.6—361.1 K）
溶解性（水）	易溶於水、乙醇、丙酮，微溶於乙醚，難溶於苯和四氯化碳
危險性
	GHS危險性符號;
GHS提示詞	危險
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

過氯酸羥銨是一種無機化合物，化學式為NH₃OHClO₄。

製備與結構

過氯酸羥銨可由略過量的硫酸羥胺和高氯酸鋇反應製得，過量的硫酸羥胺可通過和碳酸鋇反應去除。^[3]硝酸在高氯酸中的電化學還原反應（鋅或錫作為陰極）也可製得過氯酸羥銨。^[1]它可通過乙醚-二氯甲烷重結晶^[2]，中子繞射表明，其晶體在25 °C時屬P2₁cn空間群，晶胞參數a=7.52, b=7.14, c=15.99 Å，Z=8。^[5]

熱分解

過氯酸羥銨在180 °C開始分解，生成高氯酸銨。^[3]其它檢測到的分解產物還有HClO₄、Cl₂、O₂、HCl、H₂O、N₂O和ClO_x，其中H₂O、HCl、N₂O產量較多，200 °C以上時，生成NO₂，且Cl₂和O₂增多。^[2]

它和碳酸鈣以3:1摩爾比在90~170 °C真空中加熱，得到高氯酸鈣和高氯酸銨。^[6]

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kvaratskheliya, R. K. Electrosynthesis of hydroxylamine perchlorate（俄文）. Issled. v Obl. Elektrokhim. i Radiats. Khim. Akad. Nauk Gruz. SSR, Inst. Neorgan. Khim. i Elektrokhim., 1965. pp 5-12.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Herman F. Cordes, S. Ruven Smith. The decomposition of hydroxylammonium perchlorate. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1970-04, 32 (4): 1135–1139 [2021-08-31]. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(70)80107-5. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-30）（英語）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Zinov'ev, A. A.; Zakharova, I. A. Hydroxylammoninm perchlorate. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 1960. 5: 775-777. ISSN 0044-457X.
^ Hydroxylammonium perchlorate. ECHA. 2021-07-07 [2021-08-31]. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-31）.
^ E. Prince, B. Dickens, J. J. Rush. A study of one-dimensional hindered rotation in NH 3 OHClO 4. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 1974-05-01, 30 (5): 1167–1172 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 0567-7408. doi:10.1107/S0567740874004493. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-01）.
^ Grigorovich, Z. I.; Lyubimova, G. N. Reaction of hydroxylammonium perchlorate with calcium carbonate（俄文）. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 1981. 26 (9): 2564-2567. ISSN 0044-457X

[elekrokhim-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kvaratskheliya, R. K. Electrosynthesis of hydroxylamine perchlorate（俄文）. Issled. v Obl. Elektrokhim. i Radiats. Khim. Akad. Nauk Gruz. SSR, Inst. Neorgan. Khim. i Elektrokhim., 1965. pp 5-12.

[Herman-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Herman F. Cordes, S. Ruven Smith. The decomposition of hydroxylammonium perchlorate. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1970-04, 32 (4): 1135–1139 [2021-08-31]. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(70)80107-5. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-30）（英語）.

[ZNK-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Zinov'ev, A. A.; Zakharova, I. A. Hydroxylammoninm perchlorate. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 1960. 5: 775-777. ISSN 0044-457X.

[4] Hydroxylammonium perchlorate. ECHA. 2021-07-07 [2021-08-31]. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-31）.

[5] E. Prince, B. Dickens, J. J. Rush. A study of one-dimensional hindered rotation in NH 3 OHClO 4. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 1974-05-01, 30 (5): 1167–1172 [2021-08-31]. ISSN 0567-7408. doi:10.1107/S0567740874004493. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-01）.

[6] Grigorovich, Z. I.; Lyubimova, G. N. Reaction of hydroxylammonium perchlorate with calcium carbonate（俄文）. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 1981. 26 (9): 2564-2567. ISSN 0044-457X

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