南方基地

南方基地（Solid South）是指美國民主黨自1877年美國重建時期結束至1964年民權法案成立之間存在的一個選舉集團^[1]^[2]。在這一時期，民主黨控制了南方各州的立法機構和國會議員，並一度剝奪幾乎全部黑人的選舉權^[3]。南方基地州份包括阿拉巴馬州、阿肯色州、佛羅里達州、喬治亞州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡羅來納州、南卡羅來納州、田納西州、德克薩斯州和弗吉尼亞州。

參考文獻

^ Bullock, Charles S.; Hoffman, Donna R.; Gaddie, Ronald Keith. Regional Variations in the Realignment of American Politics, 1944–2004. Social Science Quarterly. 2006, 87 (3): 494–518. ISSN 0038-4941. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00393.x. The events of 1964 laid open the divisions between the South and national Democrats and elicited distinctly different voter behavior in the two regions. The agitation for civil rights by southern blacks continued white violence toward the civil rights movement, and President Lyndon Johnson's aggressive leadership all facilitated passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. ... In the South, 1964 should be associated with GOP growth while in the Northeast this election contributed to the eradication of Republicans.
^ Stanley, Harold W. Southern Partisan Changes: Dealignment, Realignment or Both?. The Journal of Politics. 1988, 50 (1): 64–88. ISSN 0022-3816. JSTOR 2131041. S2CID 154860857. doi:10.2307/2131041. Events surrounding the presidential election of 1964 marked a watershed in terms of the parties and the South (Pomper, 1972). The Solid South was built around the identification of the Democratic party with the cause of white supremacy. Events before 1964 gave white southerners pause about the linkage between the Democratic Party and white supremacy, but the 1964 election, passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 altered in the minds of most the positions of the national parties on racial issues.
^ Dewey W. Grantham, The Life and Death of the Solid South: A Political History (1992).

[Regional_Variations_in_the_Realignment_of_American_Politics,_1944–2004-1] Bullock, Charles S.; Hoffman, Donna R.; Gaddie, Ronald Keith. Regional Variations in the Realignment of American Politics, 1944–2004. Social Science Quarterly. 2006, 87 (3): 494–518. ISSN 0038-4941. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00393.x. The events of 1964 laid open the divisions between the South and national Democrats and elicited distinctly different voter behavior in the two regions. The agitation for civil rights by southern blacks continued white violence toward the civil rights movement, and President Lyndon Johnson's aggressive leadership all facilitated passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. ... In the South, 1964 should be associated with GOP growth while in the Northeast this election contributed to the eradication of Republicans.

[2] Stanley, Harold W. Southern Partisan Changes: Dealignment, Realignment or Both?. The Journal of Politics. 1988, 50 (1): 64–88. ISSN 0022-3816. JSTOR 2131041. S2CID 154860857. doi:10.2307/2131041. Events surrounding the presidential election of 1964 marked a watershed in terms of the parties and the South (Pomper, 1972). The Solid South was built around the identification of the Democratic party with the cause of white supremacy. Events before 1964 gave white southerners pause about the linkage between the Democratic Party and white supremacy, but the 1964 election, passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 altered in the minds of most the positions of the national parties on racial issues.

[3] Dewey W. Grantham, The Life and Death of the Solid South: A Political History (1992).

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