遷移體
遷移體（英語：migrasome）是細胞在遷移過程中形成的一種微米級囊泡結構，其形成主要與細胞尾部的收縮絲相關，是細胞遷移路徑中沿途產生的特殊胞外結構[1]。伴隨細胞遷移，遷移體會不斷產生，部分會脫離形成游離囊泡，而另一部分則可能被細胞回收或附着在細胞外基質上，隨後在細胞信號傳送中發揮重要作用[2]。遷移體通常含有信號分子和核酸等內容物，可以通過不同途徑影響周圍環境或其他細胞。
分佈
[編輯]遷移體的存在已被證實於多種體外細胞和體內組織中，如成纖維細胞、癌細胞、免疫細胞、幹細胞等[1]。動物胚胎發育過程中的細胞遷移活動中也會有遷移體產生，例如在斑馬魚胚胎發育的原腸運動過程中, 中內胚層細胞會形成遷移體[3]；在雞胚發育過程中, 雞胚絨毛尿囊膜中的單核細胞可以產生遷移體[4]。
組成結構
[編輯]遷移體由膜和腔內部分組成。遷移體膜富含四跨膜蛋白和整合素[5]。膜上高濃度的膽固醇和四跨膜蛋白等成分能組裝成四跨膜蛋白富集的微域（TEM）[6][7]。
遷移體內部包裹有mRNA[8]、mtDNA等核酸[9]，以及趨化因子、細胞因子、生長因子、血管新生因子、形態發生素等多種信號分子[10]。這些信號分子通過馬達蛋白介導的分泌囊泡富集在遷移體中[10]。
生物學功能
[編輯]一個細胞產生的遷移體可以被另一個細胞吞噬，實現鄰近細胞間的物質與信號傳遞[1]。損傷的線粒體可以通過線粒體胞吐(mitocytosis)的方式進入遷移體並從細胞排除，從而影響細胞能量代謝[9]。
遷移體還可以選擇性地將信號分子運輸到特定組織或位置[1]。
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Du, Wanqing; Yu, Li. Advancements in migrasome biology. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2024-10-01, 69 (30): 4331–4338. doi:10.1360/TB-2024-0352.
- ^ Ma, Liang; Li, Ying; Peng, Junya; Wu, Danni; Zhao, Xiaoxin; Cui, Yitong; Chen, Lilian; Yan, Xiaojun; Du, Yanan; Yu, Li. Discovery of the migrasome, an organelle mediating release of cytoplasmic contents during cell migration. Cell Research. 2015-01, 25 (1): 24–38. doi:10.1038/cr.2014.135.
- ^ Jiang, Dong; Jiang, Zheng; Lu, Di; Wang, Xuan; Liang, Haisha; Zhang, Junfeng; Meng, Yaping; Li, Ying; Wu, Danni; Huang, Yuwei; Chen, Yuling; Deng, Haiteng; Wu, Qing; Xiong, Jingwei; Meng, Anming; Yu, Li. Migrasomes provide regional cues for organ morphogenesis during zebrafish gastrulation. Nature Cell Biology. 2019-08, 21 (8): 966–977. doi:10.1038/s41556-019-0358-6.
- ^ Zhang, Cuifang; Li, Tianqi; Yin, Shuyao; Gao, Mingyi; He, Helen; Li, Ying; Jiang, Dong; Shi, Minghui; Wang, Jianbin; Yu, Li. Monocytes deposit migrasomes to promote embryonic angiogenesis. Nature Cell Biology. 2022-12, 24 (12): 1726–1738. doi:10.1038/s41556-022-01026-3.
- ^ Wu, Danni; Xu, Yue; Ding, Tianlun; Zu, Yan; Yang, Chun; Yu, Li. Pairing of integrins with ECM proteins determines migrasome formation. Cell Research. 2017-11, 27 (11): 1397–1400. doi:10.1038/cr.2017.108.
- ^ Liang, Haisha; Ma, Xinyu; Zhang, Yuanyuan; Liu, Yuheng; Liu, Nan; Zhang, Weiying; Chen, Jianhui; Liu, Boqi; Du, Wanqing; Liu, Xiaohui; Yu, Li. The formation of migrasomes is initiated by the assembly of sphingomyelin synthase 2 foci at the leading edge of migrating cells. Nature Cell Biology. 2023-08, 25 (8): 1173–1184. doi:10.1038/s41556-023-01188-8.
- ^ Huang, Yuwei; Zucker, Ben; Zhang, Shaojin; Elias, Sharon; Zhu, Yun; Chen, Hui; Ding, Tianlun; Li, Ying; Sun, Yujie; Lou, Jizhong; Kozlov, Michael M.; Yu, Li. Migrasome formation is mediated by assembly of micron-scale tetraspanin macrodomains. Nature Cell Biology. 2019-08, 21 (8): 991–1002. doi:10.1038/s41556-019-0367-5.
- ^ Zhu, Mingli; Zou, Qin; Huang, Rongyao; Li, Ying; Xing, Xudong; Fang, Jianhuo; Ma, Liang; Li, Lifei; Yang, Xuerui; Yu, Li. Lateral transfer of mRNA and protein by migrasomes modifies the recipient cells. Cell Research. 2021-02, 31 (2): 237–240. doi:10.1038/s41422-020-00415-3.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Jiao, Haifeng; Jiang, Dong; Hu, Xiaoyu; Du, Wanqing; Ji, Liangliang; Yang, Yuzhuo; Li, Xiaopeng; Sho, Takami; Wang, Xuan; Li, Ying; Wu, Yu-Ting; Wei, Yau-Huei; Hu, Xiaoyu; Yu, Li. Mitocytosis, a migrasome-mediated mitochondrial quality-control process. Cell. 2021-05, 184 (11): 2896–2910.e13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.027.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Jiao, Haifeng; Li, Xiaopeng; Li, Ying; Guo, Yuting; Hu, Xiaoyu; Sho, Takami; Luo, Yiqun; Wang, Jinyu; Cao, Huizhen; Du, Wanqing; Li, Dong; Yu, Li. Localized, highly efficient secretion of signaling proteins by migrasomes. Cell Research. 2024-06-25, 34 (8): 572–585. doi:10.1038/s41422-024-00992-7.