弓状束

弓状束
弓状束
	弓状束连接语言中枢的两大区域
	弓状束的纤维跟踪成像
韧带起点	额叶布罗卡区
韧带终点	颞叶韦尼克区
标识字符
拉丁文	fasciculus arcuatus
TA98	A14.1.09.557
TA2	5599
FMA	FMA:260714
	《神经解剖学术语（英语：Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy）》 [在维基数据上编辑]

弓状束（英文：Arcuate fasciculus），是连接大脑语言中枢“布罗卡区”和“韦尼克区”的神经通路，在结构上是连接颞叶皮层尾部和额叶皮层下部的众多神经纤维^[1]^[2]。

结构

在结构上，弓状束属于大脑白质的神经径（英语：Nerve tract），与上纵束（英语：Superior longitudinal fasciculus）平行分布。由于二者邻近，有些研究人员也将弓状束、上纵束混称^[3]。

历史上，弓状束被认为连接语言中枢“布罗卡区”和“韦尼克区”：布罗卡区位于额下回，韦尼克区位于后颞上回。但如今大多数科学家认为这是个过度简化的模型^[4]。

功能

一些研究人员认为“句法”是人类语言的特质。尽管对于弓状束的具体功能仍有争论，主流理论认为它参与处理复杂的句法^[2]^[5]。有研究显示，随着弓状束的成熟、髓鞘化，人对于句法的处理能力随之提升。此外，弓状束损伤会导致人产生句法处理障碍。

弓状束属于双侧型结构，意味着在两侧的大脑半球中均存在。但是两侧的弓状束不对称：左侧的一般要强于右侧。其中左侧的弓状束被认为参与了句法处理，而右侧的则被认为参与了韵律处理^[6]^[7]。进一步研究显示右侧的弓状束可能与解读人脸表情中的情绪有关^[8]。

临床

弓状束受损可导致传导性失语症^[9]。此外，口吃、特定型语言障碍（英语：Specific language impairment）、失读症也可能与弓状束异常有关^[10]^[11]。

参见

参考资料

^ Noggle, Chad A. Arcuate Fasciculus. Goldstein, Sam (编). Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development. Boston, MA: Springer US. 2011: 141–141. ISBN 978-0-387-79061-9. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_179 （英语）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Arcuate Fasciculus - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-08）（英语）.
^ Jeremy D. Schmahmann; Deepak N. Pandya. Fiber Pathways of the Brain. 2006 [2021-03-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-19）（英语）.
^ Dick, Anthony Steven; Tremblay, Pascale. Beyond the arcuate fasciculus: consensus and controversy in the connectional anatomy of language. Brain. 2012-12-01, 135 (12): 3529–3550. ISSN 0006-8950. doi:10.1093/brain/aws222.
^ Wilson, Stephen M.; Galantucci, Sebastiano; Tartaglia, Maria Carmela; Rising, Kindle; Patterson, Dianne K; Henry, Maya L.; Ogar, Jennifer M.; DeLeon, Jessica; Miller, Bruce L. Syntactic processing depends on dorsal language tracts. Neuron. 2011-10-20, 72 (2): 397–403 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 0896-6273. PMC 3201770 . PMID 22017996. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.014. （原始内容存档于2021-09-18）.
^ Friederici, Angela. Language in our brain : the origins of a uniquely human capacity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. 2017. ISBN 9780262036924.
^ Vandermosten, Maaike; Boets, Bart; Wouters, Jan; Ghesquière, Pol. A qualitative and quantitative review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in reading and dyslexia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 1 July 2012, 36 (6): 1532–1552 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 0149-7634. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.04.002. （原始内容存档于2019-10-20）.
^ Nakajima, Riho; Yordanova, Yordanka N.; Duffau, Hugues; Herbet, Guillaume. Neuropsychological evidence for the crucial role of the right arcuate fasciculus in the face-based mentalizing network: A disconnection analysis. Neuropsychologia. July 2018, 115: 179–187. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.024.
^ Bernal, Byron; Ardila, Alfredo. The role of the arcuate fasciculus in conduction aphasia. Brain: A Journal of Neurology. 2009-09, 132 (Pt 9): 2309–2316 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 1460-2156. PMID 19690094. doi:10.1093/brain/awp206. （原始内容存档于2021-04-25）.
^ Cieslak, M; Ingham, R; Ingham, J; Grafton, S. Anomalous white matter morphology in adults who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2015, 58 (2): 268–277. PMC 4675119 . PMID 25635376. doi:10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0193.
^ Vandermosten, Maaike; Boets, Bart; Wouters, Jan; Ghesquière, Pol. A qualitative and quantitative review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in reading and dyslexia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 1 July 2012, 36 (6): 1532–1552 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 0149-7634. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.04.002. （原始内容存档于2019-10-20）.

[1] Noggle, Chad A. Arcuate Fasciculus. Goldstein, Sam (编). Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development. Boston, MA: Springer US. 2011: 141–141. ISBN 978-0-387-79061-9. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_179 （英语）.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Arcuate Fasciculus - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-08）（英语）.

[3] Jeremy D. Schmahmann; Deepak N. Pandya. Fiber Pathways of the Brain. 2006 [2021-03-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-19）（英语）.

[4] Dick, Anthony Steven; Tremblay, Pascale. Beyond the arcuate fasciculus: consensus and controversy in the connectional anatomy of language. Brain. 2012-12-01, 135 (12): 3529–3550. ISSN 0006-8950. doi:10.1093/brain/aws222.

[5] Wilson, Stephen M.; Galantucci, Sebastiano; Tartaglia, Maria Carmela; Rising, Kindle; Patterson, Dianne K; Henry, Maya L.; Ogar, Jennifer M.; DeLeon, Jessica; Miller, Bruce L. Syntactic processing depends on dorsal language tracts. Neuron. 2011-10-20, 72 (2): 397–403 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 0896-6273. PMC 3201770 . PMID 22017996. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.014. （原始内容存档于2021-09-18）.

[:02-6] Friederici, Angela. Language in our brain : the origins of a uniquely human capacity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. 2017. ISBN 9780262036924.

[:2-7] Vandermosten, Maaike; Boets, Bart; Wouters, Jan; Ghesquière, Pol. A qualitative and quantitative review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in reading and dyslexia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 1 July 2012, 36 (6): 1532–1552 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 0149-7634. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.04.002. （原始内容存档于2019-10-20）.

[8] Nakajima, Riho; Yordanova, Yordanka N.; Duffau, Hugues; Herbet, Guillaume. Neuropsychological evidence for the crucial role of the right arcuate fasciculus in the face-based mentalizing network: A disconnection analysis. Neuropsychologia. July 2018, 115: 179–187. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.024.

[9] Bernal, Byron; Ardila, Alfredo. The role of the arcuate fasciculus in conduction aphasia. Brain: A Journal of Neurology. 2009-09, 132 (Pt 9): 2309–2316 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 1460-2156. PMID 19690094. doi:10.1093/brain/awp206. （原始内容存档于2021-04-25）.

[10] Cieslak, M; Ingham, R; Ingham, J; Grafton, S. Anomalous white matter morphology in adults who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2015, 58 (2): 268–277. PMC 4675119 . PMID 25635376. doi:10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0193.

[:22-11] Vandermosten, Maaike; Boets, Bart; Wouters, Jan; Ghesquière, Pol. A qualitative and quantitative review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in reading and dyslexia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 1 July 2012, 36 (6): 1532–1552 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 0149-7634. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.04.002. （原始内容存档于2019-10-20）.

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