德林克龙属

德林克龙属; 化石时期：晚侏罗纪
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目：	恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目：	†鸟臀目 Ornithischia
演化支：	†颌齿类 Genasauria
演化支：	†新鸟臀类 Neornithischia
属：	†德林克龙属 Drinker; Bakker et al., 1990
模式种
	尼氏德林克龙; Drinker nisti; Bakker et al., 1990

德林克龙属（学名：Drinker）是鸟臀目恐龙的一属，生活于晚侏罗纪的北美洲。虽然牠的化石保存得较好，但被命名后的科学研究较少。

描述

德林克龙是相当小型的恐龙，被估计约有2米长及10公斤重^[1]。牠是双足恐龙，前肢短，头部小，脚长且强壮。

分类

德林克龙有时被非正式地被认为是奥斯尼尔龙的异名，但最近的研究却认为牠们是不同的属^[2]^[3]。德林克龙是种分类位置不明的原始鸟臀目。生存于侏罗纪晚期葡萄牙的叶牙龙可能是牠的近亲^[3]^[4]。

发现及历史

在1990年，罗伯特·巴克、彼得·加尔东（Peter Galton）等人描述及命名了德林克龙的部分骨骼，但这个名字却有些讽刺。因为德林克龙是为纪念古生物学家爱德华·德林克·科普（Edward Drinker Cope），他在著名的骨头大战中与对手奥塞内尔·查利斯·马什发现了很多恐龙的化石。德林克龙却与以马什为名的奥斯尼尔龙有可能是近亲。模式种的“D. nisti”的种小名是指国家标准和科技机构（National Institute of Standards and Technology）^[5]。

德林克龙的化石发现于美国怀俄明州科摩崖的莫里逊组，正模标本是一头亚成体骨骼（编号CPS 106），包括了部分颌部、脊骨及肢骨。在同一地区发现很多同时期的标本也被归类于德林克龙，当中大部分都有脊椎及后肢遗骸，以及牙齿。罗伯特·巴克等人认为德林克龙相对于棱齿龙科太过原始，尤其是牠的牙齿没有明显的中央垂直棱脊，并且将牠与奥斯尼尔龙一同分类在未命名的类别中^[5]。从1990年至今，只有很少的德林克龙相关研究。莫里逊组的德林克龙化石，发现于第5与第6地层带^[6]。

古生物学

罗伯特·巴克描述德林克龙生活的环境是沼泽（因在该地区发现肺鱼类的牙齿及沼泽植物），并认为德林克龙的宽脚掌与长趾爪，很适合在这些环境中生活，而当地的剑龙科及蜥脚下目脚部，与身体相比则较窄^[7]。在1997年，罗伯特·巴克根据一群由6到35个个体组成的化石，提出德林克龙是穴居动物，并推测这群动物是被洪水等灾害而群体死亡^[8]。

若德林克龙真的是生活在洞穴的，这可是第一次发现的穴居恐龙。目前唯一有证据支持的掘地恐龙，是新近发现的掘奔龙，牠们与德林克龙关系较远^[9]。否则，德林克龙就如同其他的基底鸟臀目，是小型的双足草食性恐龙。德林克龙是与龟、肺鱼类及早期的多瘤齿兽目（Zofiabaatar、Foxraptor）生活在同一环境^[1]。

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Foster, J.R. (2003). Paleoecological Analysis of the Vertebrate Fauna of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Rocky Mountain Region, U.S.A. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 23.
^ Norman, D.B., Sues, H.-D., Witmer, L.M., and Coria, R.A. (2004). Basal Ornithopoda. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H., (eds), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press:Berkeley, pp. 392-412. ISBN 978-0-520-24209-8
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Galton, P.M. (2006). Teeth of ornithischian dinosaurs (mostly Ornithopoda) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of the western United States. In: K. Carpenter (ed.). Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, pp. 17-47. ISBN 978-0-253-34817-3
^ Rauhut, Oliver W.M. Herbivorous dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) of Guimarota, Portugal. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 2001, 112: 275–283.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Bakker, R.T., Galton, P.M., Siegwarth, J., and Filla, J. (1990). A new latest Jurassic vertebrate fauna, from the highest levels of the Morrison Formation at Como Bluff, Wyoming. Part IV. The dinosaurs: A new Othnielia-like hypsilophodontoid. Hunteria 2(6): 8-14.
^ Foster, J. (2007). "Appendix." Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World. Indiana University Press. pp. 327-329.
^ Bakker, R.T. (1990). A new latest Jurassic vertebrate fauna, from the highest levels of the Morrison Formation at Como Bluff, Wyoming, with comments on Morrison biochronology. Part I. Biochronology. Hunteria 2(6):1-3.
^ Bakker, R. T. Dinosaur mid-life crisis: the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition in Wyoming and Colorado. Lucas, S.G., Kirkland, J.I., and Estep, J.W. (eds.) (编). Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 14. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 1997: 67–77.
^ Varricchio, David J.; Martin, Anthony J.; and Katsura, Yoshihiro. First trace and body fossil evidence of a burrowing, denning dinosaur (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2007, 274: 1361–1368 [2007-03-22]. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.0443. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-03-24）.

外部链接

[JF03-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Foster, J.R. (2003). Paleoecological Analysis of the Vertebrate Fauna of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Rocky Mountain Region, U.S.A. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 23.

[NSWC04-2] Norman, D.B., Sues, H.-D., Witmer, L.M., and Coria, R.A. (2004). Basal Ornithopoda. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H., (eds), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press:Berkeley, pp. 392-412. ISBN 978-0-520-24209-8

[PMG06-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Galton, P.M. (2006). Teeth of ornithischian dinosaurs (mostly Ornithopoda) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of the western United States. In: K. Carpenter (ed.). Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, pp. 17-47. ISBN 978-0-253-34817-3

[OR01-4] Rauhut, Oliver W.M. Herbivorous dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) of Guimarota, Portugal. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 2001, 112: 275–283.

[BGSF90-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Bakker, R.T., Galton, P.M., Siegwarth, J., and Filla, J. (1990). A new latest Jurassic vertebrate fauna, from the highest levels of the Morrison Formation at Como Bluff, Wyoming. Part IV. The dinosaurs: A new Othnielia-like hypsilophodontoid. Hunteria 2(6): 8-14.

[foster-appendix-6] Foster, J. (2007). "Appendix." Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World. Indiana University Press. pp. 327-329.

[RTB90-7] Bakker, R.T. (1990). A new latest Jurassic vertebrate fauna, from the highest levels of the Morrison Formation at Como Bluff, Wyoming, with comments on Morrison biochronology. Part I. Biochronology. Hunteria 2(6):1-3.

[RTB97-8] Bakker, R. T. Dinosaur mid-life crisis: the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition in Wyoming and Colorado. Lucas, S.G., Kirkland, J.I., and Estep, J.W. (eds.) (编). Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 14. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 1997: 67–77.

[VMK07-9] Varricchio, David J.; Martin, Anthony J.; and Katsura, Yoshihiro. First trace and body fossil evidence of a burrowing, denning dinosaur (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2007, 274: 1361–1368 [2007-03-22]. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.0443. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-03-24）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]