俯冲侵蚀

俯冲侵蚀（英语：subduction erosion），或构造侵蚀，是由于俯冲而造成上覆构造板块上的地壳消失^[1]。两种类型的构造侵蚀：板块前缘侵蚀和板块地壳底部的基底侵蚀。基底侵蚀导致上覆板块变薄^[2]。前缘侵蚀可能导致连锁效应的断层活动和板块边缘倾斜，以填补被消耗地壳块体留下的“缺口”^[2]。高速俯冲和低速沉积物供应到海沟一般被认为能增强俯冲侵蚀^[1]。

在新元古代之前，由于收敛速率较高，俯冲侵蚀速率可能高于现在。蓝片岩的稀缺似乎支持这种观点。然而，这种说法有不同的解释，因为早期的大洋地壳比今天的地壳含有更多的镁，因此蓝片岩相会被绿片岩相石取代^[3]。

俯冲侵蚀引起的构造实例

伸展构造：俯冲侵蚀被认为是智利北部的一种普遍现象，梅希约内斯半岛（英语：Mejillones Peninsula）周围的正断层归因于岩石圈消耗引起的伸展多米诺骨牌效应^[2]。

区域下沉和海侵：智利南部的中新世海侵被认为是由基底构造侵蚀引起的^[4]。但俯冲侵蚀不能解释巴塔哥尼亚更内陆的中新世海侵^[5]。

岩浆带迁移：与安第斯造山运动同时，智利的岩浆带从晚白垩世开始向东迁移被认为是由俯冲侵蚀引起的^[6]。

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Stern, Charles R. (2011). "Subduction erosion: Rates, mechanisms, and its role in arc magmatism and the evolution of the continental crust and mantle". Gondwana Research. 20 (2–3): 284–308. Bibcode:2011GondR..20..284S. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2011.03.006.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Niemeyer, Hans; González, Gabriel; Martínez-De Los Ríos, Edmundo (1996). "Evolución tectónica cenozoica del margen continental activo de Antofagasta, norte de Chile". Revista geológica de Chile (in Spanish). 23 (2): 165–186.
^ Palin, Richard M.; White, Richard W. (2016). "Emergence of blueschists on Earth linked to secular changes in oceanic crust composition". Nature Geoscience. 9 (1): 60–64. Bibcode:2016NatGe...9...60P. doi:10.1038/ngeo2605
^ Encinas, Alfonso; Finger, Kenneth L.; Buatois, Luis A.; Peterson, Dawn E. (2012). "Major forearc subsidence and deep-marine Miocene sedimentation in the present Coastal Cordillera and Longitudinal Depression of south-central Chile (38°30'S – 41°45'S)". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 124 (7–8): 1262– 1277. doi:10.1130/b30567.1. hdl:10533/135235
^ Encinas, Alfonso; Pérez, Felipe; Nielsen, Sven N.; Finger, Kenneth L.; Valencia, Victor; Duhart, Paul (2014). "Geochronologic and paleontologic evidence for a Pacific–Atlantic connection during the late Oligocene–early Miocene in the Patagonian Andes (43–44°S)". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 55: 1–18. Bibcode:2014JSAES..55....1E. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2014.06.008. hdl:10533/130517.
^ Charrier, Reynaldo; Pinto, Luisa; Rodríguez, María Pía (2006). "3. Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Andean Orogen in Chile". In Moreno, Teresa; Gibbons, Wes (eds.). Geology of Chile. Geological Society of London. pp. 21, 45–46. ISBN 9781862392199.

[”Stern”-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Stern, Charles R. (2011). "Subduction erosion: Rates, mechanisms, and its role in arc magmatism and the evolution of the continental crust and mantle". Gondwana Research. 20 (2–3): 284–308. Bibcode:2011GondR..20..284S. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2011.03.006.

[”-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Niemeyer, Hans; González, Gabriel; Martínez-De Los Ríos, Edmundo (1996). "Evolución tectónica cenozoica del margen continental activo de Antofagasta, norte de Chile". Revista geológica de Chile (in Spanish). 23 (2): 165–186.

[”Palin”-3] Palin, Richard M.; White, Richard W. (2016). "Emergence of blueschists on Earth linked to secular changes in oceanic crust composition". Nature Geoscience. 9 (1): 60–64. Bibcode:2016NatGe...9...60P. doi:10.1038/ngeo2605

[”Encinas,”-4] Encinas, Alfonso; Finger, Kenneth L.; Buatois, Luis A.; Peterson, Dawn E. (2012). "Major forearc subsidence and deep-marine Miocene sedimentation in the present Coastal Cordillera and Longitudinal Depression of south-central Chile (38°30'S – 41°45'S)". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 124 (7–8): 1262– 1277. doi:10.1130/b30567.1. hdl:10533/135235

[Encinas”-5] Encinas, Alfonso; Pérez, Felipe; Nielsen, Sven N.; Finger, Kenneth L.; Valencia, Victor; Duhart, Paul (2014). "Geochronologic and paleontologic evidence for a Pacific–Atlantic connection during the late Oligocene–early Miocene in the Patagonian Andes (43–44°S)". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 55: 1–18. Bibcode:2014JSAES..55....1E. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2014.06.008. hdl:10533/130517.

[”Charrier”-6] Charrier, Reynaldo; Pinto, Luisa; Rodríguez, María Pía (2006). "3. Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Andean Orogen in Chile". In Moreno, Teresa; Gibbons, Wes (eds.). Geology of Chile. Geological Society of London. pp. 21, 45–46. ISBN 9781862392199.

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