塔普里

塔普里 (Tapuri) 或 塔皮里 (Tapyri)^[1] 是托勒密和阿里安提到的里海以南米底斯的一个部落。^[2] 克特西亚斯指的是位于卡杜西 (Cadusii) 和希尔卡尼亚 (古代行省) (Hyrcania) 两地之间的塔普里(Tapuri) 土地。^[3]

在不同的历史时期，塔普里人的名称和可能的居住地似乎已经沿着从亚美尼亚到阿克萨斯河东侧的广阔国家空间延伸。斯特拉波将他们放置在里海门和 Rhagae 旁边，在帕提亚或在德比斯 (Derbices) 和希尔卡尼亚 (古代行省) (Hyrcani) 之间，或者与 Amardi 和里海南岸的其他人一起；其中最后一个观点昆图斯·库尔提乌斯·鲁福斯、狄奥尼修斯和老普林尼可以被认为是一致的。托勒密在一处将他们视为米底部落并在另一处将他们归于马吉亚纳。他们的名字写在不同的作者有一些差异；因此 Τάπουροι 和 Τάπυροι 出现在斯特拉博；普林尼和库尔提斯的塔普里； Τάπυρροι 在斯蒂芬。 B. sub voce 毫无疑问，现在的塔巴里斯坦 (Taberistán) 地区的名字来源于他们。爱莲对居住在媒体的塔普里人进行了特殊的描述。^[2]

这些塔普里氏族为高加梅拉战役提供了 1000 名骑兵作为阿契美尼德帝国军队。^[4]

根据阿里安的说法，在阿契美尼德和亚历山大时期，一群塔普尔生活在赫尔卡尼亚人和阿玛德人中间。亚历山大听从了塔普尔人的命令，与阿玛德作战并击败了他们。亚历山大随后将阿马尔土地并入塔普尔土地。总督 (古波斯) 塔普里 (Satrap Tapuri) 在奥托夫拉达提斯 (Autophradates) 的统治下。^[5]

注释

^ Tapuri. The mountains inland from the coast of Hyrcania are called the “Tapurian mountains” by Arrian, after the people there, settled in the mountains between the Derbices and the Hyrcanii (Str., 11.9.1, 11.11.8). They are spread toward the Caspian Gates and Rhaga in Media (Ptol., 6.2.6).These western Tapuri could have resulted from a tribal division north of the Sarnius/Atrak river—another, perhaps ancestral, group, the Tapurei, is located by Ptolemy (6.14.12) in Scythia. The remainder moved south and east into Margiana (“between the Hyrcani and the Arii,” Str., 11.8.8; Ptol., 6.10.2) along the Ochus/Arius (mod. Tejen/Hari-rud) river into Aria (cf. Polyb., 10.49). The Tapuri on the Caspian could, alternatively, represent a later westward migration along the main east-west highway from Margiana. These Tapuri furnished 1,000 cavalry for the battle of Gaugamela (Curt., 3.2.7), apparently aligned with the Hyrcanii (the “Topeiri,” Arr., An. 3.8.4). Alexander later subdued them (Arr., An. 3.23.1-2; Polyb., 5.44.5; Curt., 6.4.24-25). A separate satrap administered them at the time of Alexander’s arrival, and this official was assigned the Caspian Mardi as well (Arr., An. 3.22.7, 24.3; 4.18.2). （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, IRANICAONlINE IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 存档副本. www.perseus.tufts.edu. [2022-06-18]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-02）.
^ Of the lands which lie on the sea and of the others which border on these, Ninus subdued Egypt and Phoenicia, then Coele-Syria, Cilicia, Pamphylia, and Lycia, and also Caria, Phrygia, and Lydia; moreover, he brought under his sway the Troad, Phrygia on the Hellespont, Propontis, Bithynia, Cappadocia, and all the barbarian nations who inhabit the shores of the Pontus as far as the Tanais; he also made himself lord of the lands of the Cadusii, Tapyri, Hyrcanii, Drangi, of the Derbici, Carmanii, Choromnaei, and of the Borcanii, and Parthyaei; and he invaded both Persis and Susiana and Caspiana, as it is called, which is entered by exceedingly narrow passes, known for that reason as the Caspian Gates. 4 Many other lesser nations he also brought under his rule, about whom it would be a long task to speak. But since Bactriana was difficult to invade and contained multitudes of warlike men, after much toil and labour in vain he deferred to a later time the war against the Bactriani, and leading his forces back into Assyria selected a place excellently situated for the founding of a great city.. Diodorus Siculus, Library 1-7 (2.2.3)
^ These Tapuri furnished 1000 cavalry for the battle of Gaugamela （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, , “IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic,” Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition
^ Alexsander dimissed Mardians and appointed as their satrap Autophradates also made satrap of the Tapurians. anabasis of alexsander. arrian (24.2.5)

参考书目

《古波斯币》，李铁生著，北京出版社，ISBN 7-200-06659-1
Inostranzev, M. (1918) Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature – Appendix I: Independent Zoroastrian Princes of Tabaristan （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
Khalifa Uthman bin Ghani. Islamic Conquests （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Muhammad B. Al-Hasan B. Isfandiyár. History of Tabaristán. Leiden, The Netherlands: E.J. Brill. 1905 [1216 A.D.] [2012-12-13]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）.

Dizadji, MD H. Journey from Tehran to Chicago: My Life in Iran and the United States, and a Brief History of Iran. Trafford Publishing. 2010. ISBN 1426929188 （英语）.

[1] Tapuri. The mountains inland from the coast of Hyrcania are called the “Tapurian mountains” by Arrian, after the people there, settled in the mountains between the Derbices and the Hyrcanii (Str., 11.9.1, 11.11.8). They are spread toward the Caspian Gates and Rhaga in Media (Ptol., 6.2.6).These western Tapuri could have resulted from a tribal division north of the Sarnius/Atrak river—another, perhaps ancestral, group, the Tapurei, is located by Ptolemy (6.14.12) in Scythia. The remainder moved south and east into Margiana (“between the Hyrcani and the Arii,” Str., 11.8.8; Ptol., 6.10.2) along the Ochus/Arius (mod. Tejen/Hari-rud) river into Aria (cf. Polyb., 10.49). The Tapuri on the Caspian could, alternatively, represent a later westward migration along the main east-west highway from Margiana. These Tapuri furnished 1,000 cavalry for the battle of Gaugamela (Curt., 3.2.7), apparently aligned with the Hyrcanii (the “Topeiri,” Arr., An. 3.8.4). Alexander later subdued them (Arr., An. 3.23.1-2; Polyb., 5.44.5; Curt., 6.4.24-25). A separate satrap administered them at the time of Alexander’s arrival, and this official was assigned the Caspian Mardi as well (Arr., An. 3.22.7, 24.3; 4.18.2). （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, IRANICAONlINE IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic

[#1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 存档副本. www.perseus.tufts.edu. [2022-06-18]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-02）.

[3] Of the lands which lie on the sea and of the others which border on these, Ninus subdued Egypt and Phoenicia, then Coele-Syria, Cilicia, Pamphylia, and Lycia, and also Caria, Phrygia, and Lydia; moreover, he brought under his sway the Troad, Phrygia on the Hellespont, Propontis, Bithynia, Cappadocia, and all the barbarian nations who inhabit the shores of the Pontus as far as the Tanais; he also made himself lord of the lands of the Cadusii, Tapyri, Hyrcanii, Drangi, of the Derbici, Carmanii, Choromnaei, and of the Borcanii, and Parthyaei; and he invaded both Persis and Susiana and Caspiana, as it is called, which is entered by exceedingly narrow passes, known for that reason as the Caspian Gates. 4 Many other lesser nations he also brought under his rule, about whom it would be a long task to speak. But since Bactriana was difficult to invade and contained multitudes of warlike men, after much toil and labour in vain he deferred to a later time the war against the Bactriani, and leading his forces back into Assyria selected a place excellently situated for the founding of a great city.. Diodorus Siculus, Library 1-7 (2.2.3)

[4] These Tapuri furnished 1000 cavalry for the battle of Gaugamela （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, , “IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic,” Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition

[5] Alexsander dimissed Mardians and appointed as their satrap Autophradates also made satrap of the Tapurians. anabasis of alexsander. arrian (24.2.5)

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