起士浓汤
起士浓汤的主材料是起士，与牛奶、清汤或高汤一起作浓汤基底。可以添加多种其它材料，也有各式形态各异的起士浓汤。这是美国、哥伦比亚、墨西哥、瑞士以及西藏饮食中，都可以见到类似的食品。大量生产的起士浓汤可能加入了食品添加剂促进保存与增添风味。
概观
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起士浓汤存在于各地饮食中，如：美国饮食、哥伦比亚饮食、墨西哥饮食、瑞士饮食以及西藏饮食。[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]“Mote de queso”是哥伦比亚科尔多瓦省的传统起士浓汤。[8]西班牙语中“起士浓汤”是“sopa de queso”，1893年的一份墨西哥食谱中就收录了这道菜。[4]瑞士的起士浓汤称为“Kassuppe”，是瑞士中部的特色菜。[9]“Churu ”则是西藏的起士浓汤，所有用起士就称为“churu”。[6][7]
材料
[编辑]起士是起士浓汤的主材料，通常会削成丝或小块。[10][11]可以使用硬质的起士如：切达起士、格吕耶尔起士与帕尔马森起士[12][13][14]；也可使用软质起士：农家起士、高达起士、莫恩斯特起士、克索布兰可起士、奇瓦瓦起士等。[15][16][17][18][19] 起士可以增添汤的风味和营养价值。[20]加工起士（维菲塔起士也是[21]）有时候会用以代替天然起士，例如经过巴氏杀菌的起士和使用巴氏杀菌起士的食物。[22]一些风味浓郁的起士浓汤可能含有较多的脂肪，可能添加了高脂肪的材料如：奶油和鲜奶油，[23]还有起士里的脂肪。可以改用低脂或零脂起士、零脂牛奶及零脂高汤等，以降低汤品的脂肪含量。[24][25]
牛奶和／或清汤如：鸡清汤或高汤[11][26][27]是起士浓汤的液体基底。其余材料包括：半对半鲜奶油、啤酒、面包屑、奶油、蛋、洋葱、洋葱汁、大蒜，蔬菜则有花椰菜、西兰花、胡萝卜和芹菜、香料、调味料等。[10][11][13][27][28]培根碎、啤酒和碎花椰菜等可以增添起士浓汤的风味。有时会洒上面包丁。[29]
烹调
[编辑]起士浓汤如果直接加热很容易烧焦，因此有时会用隔水炖锅烹调[20][27][30]以避免烧焦。[11]起士浓汤也可以用隔水炖锅来重复加热。[11]
大量生产
[编辑]大量生产的起士浓汤可能含有添加物以促进风味或保存。例如： 某些大量生产的起士浓汤为了增添风味，含有修饰奶油脂的成分。[31]一些大量生产的起士浓汤也会使用果胶中的胶质代替脂肪。[32]
起士浓汤列表
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- 啤酒起士浓汤[33][34]
- 蓝纹起士浓汤 – 爱尔兰饮食与其它饮食[35][36][37]
- 西兰花起士浓汤[26][38]
- Caldo de queso – 索诺拉州的起士浓汤[39]
- 花椰菜起士浓汤[40][41][42]
- 切达起士浓汤[1] – 有公司大量生产浓缩的浓汤。[43]也可以从头到尾自制。[26]
- 起士汉堡浓汤[44][45]
- Churu – 西藏的起士浓汤，以西藏的霉菌熟成起士“Churu”制成。[6][46][47] 汤和起士的名字都是“Churu ”。[46]汤里会添加羊肉。[7]偶尔会用蓝纹起士代替“Churu”起士。[46]
- 茅屋起士浓汤[48][49]
- 奶油起士浓汤[50][51]
- 鲜奶油起士浓汤[27][52]
- Mote de queso – 哥伦比亚的起士巧达浓汤，以山芋和起士为主材料。[53][54] 有时会选用农夫起士。这是哥伦比亚科尔多瓦省的传统菜肴。科尔多瓦省人认为这道菜是佳肴，并且是由祖先代代相传的传统菜肴，因此具有历史地位。[8]
- 莫札瑞拉浓汤[55][56]
- 玉米片起士浓汤[57][58]
- 帕尔马森起士浓汤[59]
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参考书目
[编辑]- Jinich, P. Mexican Today: New and Rediscovered Recipes for Contemporary Kitchens. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2016 [2016-07-01]. ISBN 978-0-544-55725-3.
深入阅读
[编辑]- Kähkönen, Päivi; (et al.). Dairy fat content and serving temperature as determinants of sensory and hedonic characteristics in cheese soup. Food Quality and Preference. January 1, 1995, 6 (2): 127–133 [July 1, 2016]. ISSN 0950-3293. doi:10.1016/0950-3293(95)98555-W.
- Magness, Perre Coleman. Tomato blue cheese soup. February 4, 2016 [July 1, 2016]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-20）.
外部链接
[编辑]- Cheese soup recipes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Food.com.