镜映
镜映（英语：Mirroring）是指人类个体下意识地模仿其他人类个体的手势、说话模式或态度的行为。[1] 有意识的模仿通常经由明显的努力来模仿外界，但镜映是在行为过程中无意识地完成，且通常不被注意。[2] 镜映的通常在婴儿时期即发生；婴儿模仿其所感知到的周遭现象，并将该模仿与特定的身体动作建立认知行为上的连结。[3] 镜映有助于加强人际关系，因为肢体语言的相似有助个人之间产生更多的心理连结。[4] 镜映也有助于促进同理心，因为个人更容易透过模仿姿势和手势来体验他人的情绪。镜映还使个人在观察他人受伤时主观地感受其所承受的痛苦。[5]
个人可能会因无法正确镜映在社会生活和人际关系中承受心理压力。[6]
有自闭症类群障碍或其他相关社交障碍的个人可能更少出现此类现象，他们可能更少的认知到他人的行动。[7] 缺乏下意识模仿他人肢体语言等的个人可能在社交情境遭遇障碍，因为他们可能无法在未经直白说明的情况下理解他人的观点，并因而无法理解社交生活中所隐含的许多讯息。有自闭症类群障碍的个人可以经刻意学习改善此类情况。[8]
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[编辑]参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Chartrand, T. L.; Bargh, J. A. The chameleon effect: The perception-behavior link and social interaction (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1999, 76 (6): 893–910. PMID 10402679. S2CID 11818459. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.6.893. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-09）.
- ^ Vartanov, A. V.; Izbasarova, S. A.; Neroznikova, Y. M.; Artamonov, I. M.; Artamonova, Y. N.; Vartanova, I. I. The effect of psychological mirroring in telecommunicative dialogue.. Cognitive Systems Research. 2023, 80: 110–117. doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2023.02.008.
- ^ Rochat, Philippe; Passos-Ferreira, Claudia. From Imitation to Reciprocation and Mutual Recognition (PDF). Pineda, J. (编). Mirror Neuron Systems. Springer. 2008: 191–212 [2024-10-21]. ISBN 978-1-934115-34-3. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-479-7_9. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-07-24）.
- ^ Iacoboni, M. Mirroring people: The new science of how we connect with others. New York, NY: Picador. 2008.
- ^ Kupfer, Tom R. Why are injuries disgusting? Comparing pathogen avoidance and empathy accounts.. Emotion. October 2018, 18 (7): 959–970. PMID 29389204. S2CID 24843568. doi:10.1037/emo0000395.
- ^ Jermann, P.; Soller, A.; Muehlenbrock, M. From mirroring to guiding: A review of the state of art technology for supporting collaborative learning (PDF). Maastricht, Netherlands: European Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. 2001: 324–331 [2024-10-21]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-03-09）.
- ^ Meltzoff, A. Foundations for developing a concept of self: The role of imitation in relating self to other and the value of social mirroring, social modeling, and self-practice in infancy.. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 1990: 139–164. APA 1991-97339-006.
- ^ Sedgewick, Felicity. Autism and masking : how and why people do It, and the impact it can have. London. 2022. ISBN 9781787755802.
- ^ Meltzoff, A. Foundations for developing a concept of self: The role of imitation in relating self to other and the value of social mirroring, social modeling, and self-practice in infancy.. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 1990: 139–164. APA 1991-97339-006.