阿拉伯联合酋长国宗教
伊斯兰教是阿拉伯联合酋长国所有酋长国的官方宗教,穆斯林占阿联酋74%的人口,主要的教派为逊尼派。[2]其他宗教包括基督宗教、佛教、印度教、犹太教和锡克教,信徒主要是阿联酋的外籍人士。[3]
伊斯兰教
[编辑]阿联酋逊尼派穆斯林比什叶派穆斯林多,伊斯玛仪派(Ismaili Shias)和阿赫迈底亚穆斯林(Ahmadi Muslims)的人数较少。[2] 阿联酋的司法制度源于大陆法系和伊斯兰教法。法院系统由民事法庭和伊斯兰教法庭组成。据“人权观察组织”报导,阿联酋的刑事和民事法院将伊斯兰教法纳入其刑法典和家庭法中,被视为是歧视妇女的法律。[4]阿联酋的伊斯兰教法拥有相当的权力。
如果犯了刑事罪行,如通奸,婚前性行为和饮酒,会受到鞭刑惩罚。[5][6][7][8][9]2007至2013年间,阿联酋许多人被判处100下鞭刑。[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]
在阿布扎比,有案例公开接吻而被判处80下鞭刑。[18]在阿布扎比和阿吉曼有几个穆斯林因购买酒精饮料而被判80下鞭刑。[19][20] 2006年,一名爱沙尼亚人因醉酒而被判40下鞭刑。[21]有案例因非法性行为被判处60鞭刑。[22][23][24] [25]
根据阿联酋的伊斯兰法,婚前性行为会被判100下鞭刑。[26]在阿联酋,石刑是一种法律上的惩罚。2006年,一名外籍人士因通奸罪被判死刑。[27]2009年至2013年间,有数人被判处石刑。[13][28][29]伊斯兰教法规定了婚姻和子女监护等事项的家庭法。伊斯兰教法的家庭法适用于穆斯林,有时也适用于非穆斯林。[30]非穆斯林侨民可以决定是否要伊斯兰法对婚姻和子女监护权的裁决。[30] 伊斯兰教法庭对家庭法案件拥有专属管辖权,并对通奸,婚前性行为,抢劫和有关罪行等一些刑事案件具有管辖权。阿联酋穆斯林公民叛教会被判处死刑。[31][32]
阿拉伯联合酋长国在其“刑法典”中纳入了伊斯兰教法有组织的犯罪,而叛教是其中之一。[33]在公共场合接吻是触犯法律的,并可能导致被驱逐出境。[34]同性恋在阿联酋是非法的,会被判死罪。[35][36]
阿布扎比“刑法典”第80条规定,鸡奸罪最高可判处14年监禁,“迪拜刑法”第177条对自愿鸡奸者判处10年监禁。[37]斋戒月期间,在太阳下山前公开进食,饮酒或吸烟是非法的行为[38],但孕妇和儿童不再此限。此法律适用于穆斯林和非穆斯林,[38]不遵守可能会遭到逮捕。[39]
在公共空间跳舞在阿联酋属于非法行为。[40][41][42]
基督宗教
[编辑]阿联酋的基督徒大都属于新教或罗马天主教,该国至少有33个基督教堂。[3]公立学校没有基督宗教的宗教教育。[43]许多阿拉伯联合酋长国的基督徒都是亚裔。[44]
犹太教
[编辑]印度教、锡克教和耆那教
[编辑]阿联酋的印度教和耆那教为在阿联酋居住的印度裔(信德人)所信仰。为了感谢印度商人对迪拜贸易港口的早期发展所作的贡献,阿拉伯联合酋长国前副总统兼总理拉希德·本·赛义德·阿勒马克图姆(Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum)批准在迪拜 Bur Dubai区建造一座印度教寺庙,此外,迪拜也有锡克教寺庙。
佛教
[编辑]在迪拜的加尔忽德区,有一座佛教寺庙。
无宗教
[编辑]参见
[编辑]参考注释
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KA, 19, Emirati, was sentenced to six months in prison. Her would-be husband, AM, Omani, was sentenced to 100 lashes and one year in prison.
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In June, in the Emirate of Fujairah, a Shari'a (Islamic) court imposed a sentence of death by stoning on Shahin 'Abdul Rahman, a Bangladeshi national, after convicting him of adultery with Asma Bikham Bijam, a migrant domestic worker, who was sentenced to receive a flogging of 100 lashes and to be imprisoned for one year.
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At that point, she was facing a penalty for extramarital sex, which is 100 lashes and a minimum of three years in prison.
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A man jailed and sentenced to 80 lashes for drunkenly kissing his girlfriend on the Corniche.
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- ^ Two sex workers are sentenced to lashes. Khaleej Times. 3 July 2006 [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-09-22).
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- ^ Woman denies affair after hearing she faces stoning. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-29).
Under the same law, premarital sex is punishable by 100 lashes.
- ^ UAE: Death by stoning/ flogging. Amnesty International. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-06).
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- ^ Woman denies affair after hearing she faces stoning. The National. 29 July 2009 [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-29).
- ^ 30.0 30.1 Britons 'liable to Sharia divorces' in UAE. BBC. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-12).
- ^ Atheists face death in 13 countries, global discrimination: study. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-26).
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- ^ Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-Muhairi. The Islamisation of Laws in the UAE: The Case of the Penal Code. Arab Law Quarterly. 1996, 11 (4): 350–371. JSTOR 3381546.
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- ^ United Arab Emirates. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-23).
Facts as drug trafficking, homosexual behaviour, and apostasy are liable to capital punishment.
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