床蟲
床蝨
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| 溫帶臭蟲 | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| 綱： | 昆蟲綱 Insecta |
| 目： | 半翅目 Hemiptera |
| 科： | 臭蟲科 Cimicidae |
| 屬： | 臭蟲屬 Cimex |
| 物種 | |
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床蟲（Bed bugs），又稱床蝨，是臭蟲屬（學名：Cimex）物種的通稱，是寄生性的昆蟲，吸取動物的血液為其唯一的覓食方式。溫帶臭蟲是本屬中最為人所知的物種，吸食人類的血液為生，其他物種則會吸食其他動物的血液，各物種常以某一類動物為主要宿主，例如Cimex adjunctus主要寄生於蝙蝠。床蟲常出現於溫暖的住家中，特別是床上與其他用以睡眠的區域，其族群建立後就很難清除[1]。它們多在夜間活躍，但不完全是夜行性，其吸血時通常不會被人發覺[2][3]。床蟲的叮咬常會造成起疹、過敏、失眠與精神困擾為主[4]，但不會傳播嚴重的傳染病。人類對於床蟲的認識已有千年之久[1]，1940年代早期，床蟲幾乎在已開發國家中被撲滅，但1995年起又再次大量增加，近年來呈增加趨勢[5]，可能是因對殺蟲劑產生抗藥性、部分殺蟲劑被各國禁用、以及跨國旅行日益普遍所致[6][7]。
下屬物種
[編輯]本屬包括以下物種：
- Cimex 2-maculatus Linnæus, 1758
- Cimex 2-punctatus Linnæus, 1758
- Cimex 4-pustulatus Fabricius, 1775
- Cimex 4-spinosus Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex 6-punctatus Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex acantharis Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex adjunctus Barber, 1939
- Cimex aeneus Scopoli, 1763
- Cimex aequinoctialis Scopoli, 1763
- Cimex angkorae Klein, 1969
- Cimex antennatus Usinger & Ueshima, 1965
- Cimex antillarum Kirkaldy, 1909
- Cimex arabs Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex brevis Usinger & Ueshima, 1965
- Cimex burmanus Usinger, 1966
- Cimex carinatus Forster, 1771
- Cimex cavernicola Usinger, 1966
- Cimex claviger Herbst, 1784
- Cimex columbarius Jenyns, 1839
- Cimex dentatus Fabricius, 1775
- Cimex deplanus Herrich-Schäffer, 1840
- Cimex dissimilis (Horváth, 1910)
- Cimex divisus Herrich-Schäffer, 1840
- Cimex emarginatus Simov, Ivanova & Schunger, 2006
- Cimex erythrozonias Gmelin
- Cimex filiformis Fabricius, 1775
- Cimex flavicinctus Herrich-Schäffer, 1839
- Cimex flavifusca Wendt, 1939
- Cimex fullo Thunberg, 1783
- Cimex fylvestris Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex gastricus Thunberg, 1822
- Cimex hamatus Fabricius, 1787
- 熱帶床蝨 Cimex hemipterus (Fabricius, 1803)
- Cimex himalayanus Bhat, 1974
- Cimex hirundinis Lamarck, 1816
- Cimex histrio Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex humeralis Thunberg, 1783
- Cimex humeratus Houttuyn
- Cimex incarnatus Drury, 1773
- Cimex incrassatus Usinger & Ueshima, 1965
- Cimex insuetus Ueshima, 1968
- Cimex japonicus Usinger, 1966
- Cimex latipennis Usinger & Ueshima, 1965
- 溫帶床蝨 Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex lineola Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex lunifrontis Cooper, 1870
- Cimex montandoni (Péricart, 1972)
- Cimex nobilis Linnaeus, 1763
- Cimex nubilis Fabricius, 1775
- Cimex papillosus Drury, 1773
- Cimex peregrinator Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex pilosellus (Horváth, 1910)
- Cimex pipistrelli Jenyns, 1839
- Cimex pulveratus Hornok, 2018
- Cimex purpureipenni De Geer, 1773
- Cimex quadripunctatus Villers, 1789
- Cimex rostratus de Geer, 1773
- Cimex serratus Linnæus, 1758
- Cimex serratus Ueshima, 1968
- Cimex stadleri Horváth, 1935
- Cimex stockerus Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex tristis Fabricius, 1775
- Cimex uniguttatus Donovan
- Cimex usingeri Bhat, Sreenivasan & Ilkal, 1973[8]
- Cimex v-luteum Lichtenstein, 1796
- Cimex vagans Fabricius, 1787
- Cimex variolosus Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex vicarius (Horváth, 1912)
參見
[編輯]文獻
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Jerome Goddard; Richard deShazo. Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of their bites. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2009, 301 (13): 1358–1366 [2018-09-14]. PMID 19336711. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.405. （原始內容存檔於2010-09-18）.
Pest control and eradication is challenging due to insecticide resistance, lack of effective products, and health concerns about spraying mattresses with pesticides.
- ^ Goddard, J; deShazo, R. Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of their bites. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1 April 2009, 301 (13): 1358–66. PMID 19336711. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.405.
- ^ Reinhardt, Klaus; Siva-Jothy, Michael T. Biology of the Bed Bugs (Cimicidae) (PDF). Annual Review of Entomology. Jan 2007, 52: 351–374 [26 May 2010]. PMID 16968204. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.52.040306.133913. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於5 July 2010）.
- ^ Doggett SL, Russell R. Bed bugs – What the GP needs to know. Aust Fam Physician. November 2009, 38 (11): 880–4. PMID 19893834.
- ^ Kolb, Adam; Needham, Glen R.; Neyman, Kimberly M.; High, Whitney A. Bedbugs. Dermatologic Therapy. 2009, 22 (4): 347–52 [2018-09-14]. PMID 19580578. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2009.01246.x. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-05）.
- ^ Kilpenen, O.; Vagn Jensen, K-M.; Kristensen, M. Bed Bug Problems in Denmark, with a European Perspective (PDF): 395–399. [27 May 2010]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於11 November 2011）.
- ^ Robinson, WH; Bajomi, D. (eds). Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Urban Pests. Hungary: OOK-Press Kft. 2008.
- ^ H.R. Bhat , M.A. Sreenivasan & M.A. Ilkal (1973) Cimex usingeri, sp. nov. (hemiptera: cimicidae) from a colony of rhinolophus rouxi temminck, 1835 (chiroptera: rhinolophidae) in India, Oriental Insects, 7:1, 79-82, DOI: 10.1080/00305316.1973.10434206