情緒性進食

情緒性進食是指人們因受到積極和消極情緒影響而進行的飲食行為^[1]^[2]，會在情緒刺激下有無法擺脫的進食沖動。Bruch首次提出情緒性進食概念：情緒性進食者緊張以及不適時會過度進食，不能將饑餓和其他不適信號區分^[3]。情緒性進食「增加食物攝取應對負情緒」是壹種飲食失調形式，應對負情緒的壹種不恰當策略^[4]^[5]。

原因

無聊

人無聊時打發時間的高頻率事件是進食 ^[6]。

恐懼與焦慮

過度進食的壹個原因：進食——減少恐懼以及焦慮(負性驅力狀態)的行爲，引起驅力降低因而能夠被強化鞏固。習慣通過進食來種應對負性驅力方式的人即使他們並不飢餓也會在恐懼焦慮狀態下吃東西 ^[7]。

神經性暴食症或神經性厭食症

不論神經性厭食症患者或神經性暴食症患者都報告出更高頻的情緒性進食現象^[8]。

應對負面情緒

壹些研究認爲進食障礙是爲逃避負面情緒而産生的行爲 ^[9] ^[10] ^[11]。情緒性進食通常被看作壹種情緒調節策略 ^[12]。情緒性進食的核心理論觀點爲學習假說，將情緒性進食視爲壹種負強化：誘發刺激–消極情緒–操作性行爲–進食，在這壹過程中進食會降低負性情緒 ^[13]。

影響

睡眠質量

通過生理激素的分泌，睡眠質量會影響人體激素平衡從而導致各種異常進食行爲。瘦素(Leptin)和食慾肽(Orexin)都是下視丘大量分布的神經肽，前者是是壹種食慾抑制因子，食慾肽是壹種食慾促進因子。食慾肽增多可促進睡眠、提升對食物的渴望。食慾肽缺失能誘發發作性睡病 ^[14]。食慾肽神經元在覺醒與快波睡眠狀態時都異常活躍，它對睡眠與清醒有重要的調控作用 ^[15]。

情緒調節

情緒化經曆不會提高食物攝入量，使用情緒調節策略能夠降低飲食行爲産生 ^[16]。和採取認知重評的人相比，採取表達抑制的個人會攝取更多食物 ^[16]。

參考文獻

^ 康健雜誌. 是真的餓or壓力大？壹張圖教妳分辨　4招減少「情緒性進食」. [2021-06-21]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-28）.
^ Turton, Robert; Chami, Rayane; Treasure, Janet. Emotional Eating, Binge Eating and Animal Models of Binge-Type Eating Disorders. Current Obesity Reports. 2017-04-22, 6 (2): 217–228. ISSN 2162-4968. PMID 28434108. doi:10.1007/s13679-017-0265-8.
^ Bruch, Hilde. Psychological Aspects of Overeating And Obesity. Psychosomatics. 1964-09-01, 5 (5) [2023-06-06]. ISSN 0033-3182. doi:10.1016/S0033-3182(64)72385-7. （原始內容存檔於2023-06-08）（英語）.
^ Spoor, Sonja T. P.; Bekker, Marrie H. J.; Van Strien, Tatjana; van Heck, Guus L. Relations between negative affect, coping, and emotional eating. Appetite. 2007-05-01, 48 (3). ISSN 0195-6663. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2006.10.005 （英語）.
^ Arnow, Bruce; Kenardy, Justin; Agras, W. Stewart. The emotional eating scale: The development of a measure to assess coping with negative affect by eating. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 1995-07, 18 (1). doi:10.1002/1098-108X(199507)18:1<79::AID-EAT2260180109>3.0.CO;2-V （英語）.
^ Koball, Afton M.; Meers, Molly R.; Storfer-Isser, Amy; Domoff, Sarah E.; Musher-Eizenman, Dara R. Eating when bored: Revision of the Emotional Eating Scale with a focus on boredom.. Health Psychology. 2012, 31 (4). ISSN 1930-7810. doi:10.1037/a0025893 （英語）.
^ Kaplan, Harold I.; Kaplan, Helen Singer. THE PSYCHOSOMATIC CONCEPT OF OBESITY. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. April-May-June 1957, 125 (2) [2023-06-06]. ISSN 0022-3018. doi:10.1097/00005053-195704000-00004. （原始內容存檔於2023-06-06）（美國英語）. 請檢查|date=中的日期值 (幫助)
^ Dolhanty, Joanne; Greenberg, Leslie S. Emotion-focused therapy in a case of anorexia nervosa. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. 2009-07, 16 (4) [2023-06-06]. doi:10.1002/cpp.624. （原始內容存檔於2023-06-06）（英語）.
^ Arnow, Bruce; Kenardy, Justin; Agras, W. Stewart. Binge eating among the obese: A descriptive study. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 1992-04-01, 15 (2). ISSN 1573-3521. doi:10.1007/BF00848323 （英語）.
^ Heatherton, Todd F.; Herman, C. Peter; Polivy, Janet. Effects of physical threat and ego threat on eating behavior.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1991, 60 (1). ISSN 1939-1315. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.1.138 （英語）.
^ Stice, Eric; Nemeroff, Carol; Shaw, Heather E. Test of the Dual Pathway Model of Bulimia Nervosa: Evidence for Dietary Restraint and Affect Regulation Mechanisms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 1996-09, 15 (3) [2023-06-06]. ISSN 0736-7236. doi:10.1521/jscp.1996.15.3.340. （原始內容存檔於2022-04-13）（英語）.
^ Stress and Coping across the Lifespan. academic.oup.com. [2023-06-06]. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375343.013.0002. （原始內容存檔於2023-06-16）.
^ Geographical Reviews. Geographical Review. 1997-10-01, 87 (4). ISSN 0016-7428. doi:10.1111/j.1931-0846.1997.tb00092.x （英語）.
^ 胡淼淼; 林甯; 曹莉; 路長林. 食欲肽及其對睡眠-覺醒的調節. 第二軍醫大學學報. 2004, 25 (5): 544–546.
^ 田秀靈. 神經肽Y及其食欲促進作用. 環境衛生學雜志. 2003, 30 (3): 134–137.
^ ^16.0 ^16.1 Evers, Catharine; Marijn Stok, F.; de Ridder, Denise T. D. Feeding Your Feelings: Emotion Regulation Strategies and Emotional Eating. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2010-06, 36 (6) [2023-06-06]. ISSN 0146-1672. doi:10.1177/0146167210371383. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-16）（英語）.

[1] 康健雜誌. 是真的餓or壓力大？壹張圖教妳分辨　4招減少「情緒性進食」. [2021-06-21]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-28）.

[2] Turton, Robert; Chami, Rayane; Treasure, Janet. Emotional Eating, Binge Eating and Animal Models of Binge-Type Eating Disorders. Current Obesity Reports. 2017-04-22, 6 (2): 217–228. ISSN 2162-4968. PMID 28434108. doi:10.1007/s13679-017-0265-8.

[3] Bruch, Hilde. Psychological Aspects of Overeating And Obesity. Psychosomatics. 1964-09-01, 5 (5) [2023-06-06]. ISSN 0033-3182. doi:10.1016/S0033-3182(64)72385-7. （原始內容存檔於2023-06-08）（英語）.

[4] Spoor, Sonja T. P.; Bekker, Marrie H. J.; Van Strien, Tatjana; van Heck, Guus L. Relations between negative affect, coping, and emotional eating. Appetite. 2007-05-01, 48 (3). ISSN 0195-6663. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2006.10.005 （英語）.

[5] Arnow, Bruce; Kenardy, Justin; Agras, W. Stewart. The emotional eating scale: The development of a measure to assess coping with negative affect by eating. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 1995-07, 18 (1). doi:10.1002/1098-108X(199507)18:1<79::AID-EAT2260180109>3.0.CO;2-V （英語）.

[6] Koball, Afton M.; Meers, Molly R.; Storfer-Isser, Amy; Domoff, Sarah E.; Musher-Eizenman, Dara R. Eating when bored: Revision of the Emotional Eating Scale with a focus on boredom.. Health Psychology. 2012, 31 (4). ISSN 1930-7810. doi:10.1037/a0025893 （英語）.

[7] Kaplan, Harold I.; Kaplan, Helen Singer. THE PSYCHOSOMATIC CONCEPT OF OBESITY. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. April-May-June 1957, 125 (2) [2023-06-06]. ISSN 0022-3018. doi:10.1097/00005053-195704000-00004. （原始內容存檔於2023-06-06）（美國英語）. 請檢查|date=中的日期值 (幫助)

[8] Dolhanty, Joanne; Greenberg, Leslie S. Emotion-focused therapy in a case of anorexia nervosa. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. 2009-07, 16 (4) [2023-06-06]. doi:10.1002/cpp.624. （原始內容存檔於2023-06-06）（英語）.

[9] Arnow, Bruce; Kenardy, Justin; Agras, W. Stewart. Binge eating among the obese: A descriptive study. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 1992-04-01, 15 (2). ISSN 1573-3521. doi:10.1007/BF00848323 （英語）.

[10] Heatherton, Todd F.; Herman, C. Peter; Polivy, Janet. Effects of physical threat and ego threat on eating behavior.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1991, 60 (1). ISSN 1939-1315. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.1.138 （英語）.

[11] Stice, Eric; Nemeroff, Carol; Shaw, Heather E. Test of the Dual Pathway Model of Bulimia Nervosa: Evidence for Dietary Restraint and Affect Regulation Mechanisms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 1996-09, 15 (3) [2023-06-06]. ISSN 0736-7236. doi:10.1521/jscp.1996.15.3.340. （原始內容存檔於2022-04-13）（英語）.

[12] Stress and Coping across the Lifespan. academic.oup.com. [2023-06-06]. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375343.013.0002. （原始內容存檔於2023-06-16）.

[13] Geographical Reviews. Geographical Review. 1997-10-01, 87 (4). ISSN 0016-7428. doi:10.1111/j.1931-0846.1997.tb00092.x （英語）.

[14] 胡淼淼; 林甯; 曹莉; 路長林. 食欲肽及其對睡眠-覺醒的調節. 第二軍醫大學學報. 2004, 25 (5): 544–546.

[15] 田秀靈. 神經肽Y及其食欲促進作用. 環境衛生學雜志. 2003, 30 (3): 134–137.

[:0-16] 16.0 ^16.1 Evers, Catharine; Marijn Stok, F.; de Ridder, Denise T. D. Feeding Your Feelings: Emotion Regulation Strategies and Emotional Eating. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2010-06, 36 (6) [2023-06-06]. ISSN 0146-1672. doi:10.1177/0146167210371383. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-16）（英語）.

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