石磺科
| 石磺科 Onchidiidae 
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科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 綱： | 腹足綱 Gastropoda |
| 演化支： | 直腹足類 Orthogastropoda |
| 演化支： | 後生腹足類 Apogastropoda |
| 亞綱： | 異鰓亞綱 Heterobranchia |
| 下綱： | 直神經下綱 Euthyneura |
| 群： | 脊側群 Tectipleura |
| 亞群： | 泛有肺亞群 Panpulmonata |
| 總目： | 真有肺總目 Eupulmonata |
| （未分級）： | 收眼類 Systellommatophora |
| 總科： | 石磺總科 Onchidioidea |
| 科： | 石磺科 Onchidiidae Rafinesque, 1815[1] |
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石磺科（學名：Onchidiidae）是一種體型細小、會呼吸空氣的海蛞蝓與陸地蛞蝓，縮柄眼目之下的一個科。除了五個屬以外，其餘各屬均沒有螺殼[2]的有肺類 腹足綱軟體動物。本科是石磺總科（Onchidioidea）之下唯一一個科，而且之下也沒有再細分為亞科[3]。
特徵
[編輯]卵圓形身體，長4－5厘米，無殼；體外被有灰褐色革質外套膜，眼睛位於觸角頂端，或眼多排列於背上；鰓成樹枝狀，突出體的後部；肛門旁有呼吸孔與肺相通，出水則打開，入水則閉合。[4]
分布
[編輯]主要分布於中國大陸、台灣[5]，常棲息在潮間帶礁岩區[5]。
下級分類
[編輯]本科包括以下屬：
- Alionchis Goulding & Dayrat, 2018
- Alionchis jailoloensis Goulding & Dayrat, 2018[6]
- Alionchis meriakrii (Stantschinsky, 1907)
- Hoffmannola Strand, 1932
- Laspionchis Dayrat & Goulding, 2019
- Laspionchis boucheti Dayrat & Goulding, 2019[6]
- Laspionchis bourkei Dayrat & Goulding, 2019
- Marmaronchis Dayrat & Goulding, 2018
- Marmaronchis marmoratus (Lesson, 1831)
- Marmaronchis vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)[6]
- Melayonchis Dayrat & Goulding, 2017
- Melayonchis aileenae Dayrat & Goulding, 2017
- Melayonchis annae Dayrat, 2017
- Melayonchis eberlyi Dayrat & Goulding, 2019
- Melayonchis eloisae Dayrat, 2017[6]
- Melayonchis siongkiati Dayrat & Goulding, 2017
- Melayonchis tillieri Dayrat, 2019
- Onchidella J.E. Gray, 1850
- Onchidella accrensis (Plate, 1893)
- Onchidella armadilla (Mörch, 1863)
- Onchidella binneyi Stearns, 1894
- Onchidella borealis Dall, 1872
- Onchidella brattstroemi Ev.Marcus, 1978
- Onchidella carpenteri (W.G.Binney, 1860)
- Onchidella celtica (Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1832)
- Onchidella celtica (Cuvier, 1817)
- Onchidella celtica (Forbes & Hanley, 1852)
- Onchidella evelinae Er.Marcus & J.B.Burch, 1965
- Onchidella floridana (Dall, 1885)
- Onchidella (Hoffmannola) hansi (Ev. Marcus and Er. Marcus, 1967)[7]
- Onchidella incisa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)
- Onchidella indolens (Couthouy, 1852)
- Onchidella kurodai (Iw.Taki, 1935)
- Onchidella maculata (Plate, 1893)
- Onchidella marginata (Couthouy, 1852)
- Onchidella miusha Ev.Marcus, 1978
- Onchidella monodi (Gabe, Prenant & Sourie, 1951)
- Onchidella nigricans (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)[7]
- Onchidella oniscioides (Blainville, 1816)
- Onchidella orientalis (Iw.Taki, 1935)
- Onchidella pachyderma (Plate, 1893)
- Onchidella patelloide
- Onchidella philippei Ev.Marcus, 1979
- Onchidella reticulata (C.Semper, 1880)
- Onchidella souriei (Gabe & Prenant, 1955)
- Onchidella steindachneri (C.Semper, 1882)
- Onchidella wah Ev.Marcus, 1978
- Oncidiella tabularis Tapparone Canefri, 1883
- Onchidina C. Semper, 1882
- Onchidina australis (C.Semper, 1880)[6]
- Onchidina guineensis (Labbé, 1934)
- 石磺屬 Onchidium Buchannan, 1800
- Paromoionchis Dayrat & Goulding, 2019
- Paromoionchis boholensis Dayrat & Goulding, 2019
- Paromoionchis daemelii (C.Semper, 1880)
- Paromoionchis goslineri Dayrat & Goulding, 2019
- Paromoionchis penangensis Dayrat & Goulding, 2019
- Paromoionchis tumidus (C.Semper, 1880)[6]
- Peronia J. Fleming, 1822
- Peronia J. Fleming, 1822
- Peronina Plate, 1893
- Peronina tenera (Stoliczka, 1869)[6]
- Peronina zulfigari Goulding & Dayrat, 2018
- Platevindex H. B. Baker, 1938
- Platevindex amboinae (Plate, 1893)
- Platevindex applanatus (Simroth, 1920)
- Platevindex aptei Goulding & Dayrat, 2021
- Platevindex burnupi (Collinge, 1902)
- Platevindex cinereus (Odhner, 1917)
- Platevindex coriaceus (C.Semper, 1882)[6]
- Platevindex latus (Plate, 1893)
- Platevindex luteus (C.Semper, 1882)
- Platevindex martensi (Plate, 1893)
- Platevindex mortoni Britton, 1984
- Platevindex tigrinus (Stoliczka, 1869)
- Semperoncis Starobogatov, 1976
- Semperoncis glaber (C.Semper, 1880)
- Semperoncis huberti (Labbé, 1934)
- Semperoncis montanus (Plate, 1893)[6]
- Semperoncis ponsonbyi (Collinge, 1901)
- Wallaconchis Goulding & Dayrat, 2018
- Wallaconchis achleitneri Goulding, 2018
- Wallaconchis ater (Lesson, 1831)
- Wallaconchis buetschlii (Stantschinsky, 1907)
- Wallaconchis comendadori Goulding & Dayrat, 2018
- Wallaconchis fungiformis (Stantschinsky, 1907)
- Wallaconchis gracilis (Stantschinsky, 1907)
- Wallaconchis graniferus (C.Semper, 1880)
- Wallaconchis melanesiensis Goulding & Dayrat, 2018
- Wallaconchis nangkauriensis (Plate, 1893)
- Wallaconchis ovalis (C.Semper, 1880)
- Wallaconchis simrothi (Plate, 1893)
- Wallaconchis sinanui Goulding & Dayrat, 2018[6]
- Wallaconchis uncinus Goulding & Dayrat, 2018
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ Rafinesque C. S. (1815). Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés. Palerme, 223 pp., page 142.
- ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
Dayrat 2009的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
- ^ https://twitter.com/hy_minutus/status/1520714058080477185. Twitter. [2022-05-02]. （原始內容存檔於2022-05-02） （中文）. 外部連結存在於
|title=(幫助) - ^ 5.0 5.1 国际贝库：石磺. 台灣貝類資料庫. [2009-08-11]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.
- ^ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 Tricia C. Goulding, Munawar Khalil, Shau Hwai Tan, Rebecca A. Cumming and Benoît Dayrat. 2022. Global Diversification and Evolutionary History of Onchidiid Slugs (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. In Press, 107360. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107360
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Tricia C. Goulding, Munawar Khalil, Shau Hwai Tan, Rebecca A. Cumming and Benoît Dayrat. 2022. Global Diversification and Evolutionary History of Onchidiid Slugs (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. In Press, 107360. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107360
<references>標籤中name屬性為「WoRMS_1773」的參考文獻沒有在文中使用延伸閱讀
[編輯]- Britton K. M. The Onchidiacea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) of Hong Kong with a worldwide review of the genera. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 1984, 50 (3): 179–191. abstract.
外部連結
[編輯]
- Onchidiidae. NCBI （英語）.