空褐麟鹼

Bulbocapnine
臨床資料
其他名稱	Bulbokaprin
識別資訊
	IUPAC命名法 (12S)-17-methoxy-11-methyl-3,5-dioxa-11-azapentacyclo[10.7.1.02,6.08,20.014,19]icosa-1(20),2(6),7,14(19),15,17-hexaen-18-ol; ;
CAS號	298-45-3
PubChem CID	12441;
ChemSpider	11934;
UNII	O0TGI865QO;
KEGG	C09367;
ChEBI	CHEBI:3211;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL157912;
CompTox Dashboard（英語：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID20183940 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.511
化學資訊
化學式	C19H19NO4
摩爾質量	325.36 g·mol−1
3D模型（JSmol（英語：JSmol））	交互式圖像;
熔點	201至203 °C（394至397 °F） ; Racemate 213-214 °C
	SMILES O1c4c(OC1)c3c2c(O)c(OC)ccc2C[C@H]5c3c(c4)CCN5C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C19H19NO4/c1-20-6-5-11-8-14-19(24-9-23-14)17-15(11)12(20)7-10-3-4-13(22-2)18(21)16(10)17/h3-4,8,12,21H,5-7,9H2,1-2H3/t12-/m0/s1; Key:LODGIKWNLDQZBM-LBPRGKRZSA-N;

空褐麟鹼（英語：Bulbocapnine）是一種生物鹼，存在於紫堇屬（特別是Corydalis cava）和荷包牡丹屬，這些植物曾引起（特別是Corydalis caseana）羊和牛的致命中毒。^[1]它已被證明可作為乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制劑，^[2]並通過抑制酪氨酸羥化酶來抑制多巴胺的生物合成。^[3]^[4]與阿撲嗎啡一樣，它是β澱粉樣蛋白（Aβ）纖維形成的抑制劑，而Aβ纖維的存在是阿爾茨海默病的一個標誌。因此，根據澱粉樣蛋白假說（英語：Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease），空褐麟鹼是一種潛在的治療方法。^[5]根據《多蘭茲醫學詞典》（Dorlands Medical Dictionary），它「抑制橫紋肌的反射和運動活動。它已用於治療肌肉震顫和前庭眼球震顫」。^[6]

杜蘭大學一位名叫羅伯特·希思（英語：Robert Galbraith Heath）的精神病學家在路易斯安那州立監獄對囚犯進行了實驗，使用空褐麟鹼來誘導昏迷。^[7]這項在杜蘭大學進行的工作激發了中央情報局主導的一系列實驗，並與之同步進行。希思為政府進行的空褐麟鹼研究是一項大型調查的組成部分，該調查旨在探討精神活性化合物作為審訊輔助工具的潛力。^[8]

參考資料

^ CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names ... p.1142.
^ Adsersen A, Kjølbye A, Dall O, Jäger AK. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory compounds from Corydalis cava Schweigg. & Kort. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. August 2007, 113 (1): 179–182. PMID 17574358. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.006.
^ Zhang YH, Shin JS, Lee SS, Kim SH, Lee MK. Inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by bulbocapnine. Planta Medica. August 1997, 63 (4): 362–363. PMID 9270381. S2CID 29474171. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957702.
^ Shin JS, Kim KT, Lee MK. Inhibitory effects of bulbocapnine on dopamine biosynthesis in PC12 cells. Neuroscience Letters. March 1998, 244 (3): 161–164. PMID 9593514. S2CID 2415472. doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00148-7.
^ Lashuel HA, Hartley DM, Balakhaneh D, Aggarwal A, Teichberg S, Callaway DJ. New class of inhibitors of amyloid-beta fibril formation. Implications for the mechanism of pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. November 2002, 277 (45): 42881–42890. PMID 12167652. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206593200 .
^ Dorlands Medical Dictionary at Merck. [2006-12-25]. （原始內容存檔於2008-03-01）.
^ Scheflin AW, Opton EM. The Mind Manipulators: A non-fiction Account. New York: Paddington Press. 1978: 314–315. ISBN 0-448-22977-3.
^ CIA Revelations: Behavior Control (PDF). Radio TV Reports. ABC News. 20 July 1977 [24 January 2017]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於January 23, 2017）.

[1] CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names ... p.1142.

[2] Adsersen A, Kjølbye A, Dall O, Jäger AK. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory compounds from Corydalis cava Schweigg. & Kort. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. August 2007, 113 (1): 179–182. PMID 17574358. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.006.

[3] Zhang YH, Shin JS, Lee SS, Kim SH, Lee MK. Inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by bulbocapnine. Planta Medica. August 1997, 63 (4): 362–363. PMID 9270381. S2CID 29474171. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957702.

[4] Shin JS, Kim KT, Lee MK. Inhibitory effects of bulbocapnine on dopamine biosynthesis in PC12 cells. Neuroscience Letters. March 1998, 244 (3): 161–164. PMID 9593514. S2CID 2415472. doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00148-7.

[lashuel-5] Lashuel HA, Hartley DM, Balakhaneh D, Aggarwal A, Teichberg S, Callaway DJ. New class of inhibitors of amyloid-beta fibril formation. Implications for the mechanism of pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. November 2002, 277 (45): 42881–42890. PMID 12167652. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206593200 .

[6] Dorlands Medical Dictionary at Merck. [2006-12-25]. （原始內容存檔於2008-03-01）.

[7] Scheflin AW, Opton EM. The Mind Manipulators: A non-fiction Account. New York: Paddington Press. 1978: 314–315. ISBN 0-448-22977-3.

[8] CIA Revelations: Behavior Control (PDF). Radio TV Reports. ABC News. 20 July 1977 [24 January 2017]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於January 23, 2017）.

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