羅斯·戈爾曼

羅斯·戈爾曼
Ross Gorman
羅斯·戈爾曼; Ross Gorman
音樂家
出生	John Ross Smeed Gorman; 1890年11月18日; 美國紐澤西州派特森
逝世	1953年2月27日（62歲）
音樂類型	爵士樂
演奏樂器	單簧管

約翰·羅斯·斯邁德·戈爾曼（英語：John Ross Smeed Gorman，1890年11月18日—1953年2月27日）^[1]是一名美國爵士樂單簧管演奏家、樂團團長（英語：Bandleader）和多樂器演奏家。戈爾曼最為人所記得的是他與保羅·懷特曼的合作，尤其是他為《藍色狂想曲》所創作的著名單簧管滑音，他也曾在該曲中演奏雙簧管、低音單簧管和薩克斯風。^[2]。據懷特曼的小提琴手庫特·迪特爾利（Kurt Dieterlie）表示，戈爾曼以能夠「用樂器發出令人難以置信的奇怪聲音」而知名^[3]。

職業生涯

除了與懷特曼合作之外，他還擁有自己的樂團，以不同的名字演出，例如「The Virginians」^[4]^[5]、「Ross Gorman and his Orchestra」、「Ross Gorman and his Fire-Eaters」和「Gorman's Novelty Syncopators」^[6]。為了錄音的目的，這個樂團包括了幾位懷特曼的常客，例如雷德·尼可斯（英語：Red Nichols）、米夫·莫爾（英語：Miff Mole）和吉米·多爾西（英語：Jimmy Dorsey）；他們也與艾迪·朗（英語：Eddie Lang）一起錄音^[7]。他是20年代多首流行歌曲的作曲家，包括〈Some Lonesome Night〉和〈Rose of the Rio Grande〉（後來由艾靈頓公爵錄製）^[8]^[9]^[10]。

他的滑音並不是唯一的創新；爵士樂作家斯圖爾特·尼科爾森（英語：Stuart Nicholson (jazz historian)）認為，戈爾曼在歌曲〈Rhythm of the Day〉中對全音音階的實驗「比弗萊徹·亨德森（英語：Fletcher Henderson）的〈Queer Notions〉早了約八年。」^[11]

參考資料

^ Ross Gorman | SecondHandSongs. secondhandsongs.com. [June 27, 2022].
^ Shirley, Wayne D. Scoring the Concerto in F: George Gershwin's First Orchestration. American Music. 1985, 3 (3): 277–298. ISSN 0734-4392. doi:10.2307/3051471.
^ Levin, Floyd. Classic jazz : a personal view of the music and the musicians. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. 2002: 74–75. ISBN 9780520234635.
^ The Virginians (3) at discogs.com. [June 9, 2024].
^ University of California, Santa Barbara Library. Discography of American Historical Recordings, Virginians. Regents of the University of California. [June 9, 2024].
^ Rust, Brian. Jazz records, 1897–1942 4th revised and enlarged. New Rochelle, N.Y. 1978. ISBN 0870004042.
^ The guitar in jazz : an anthology. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1996: 23. ISBN 9780803242500.
^ Gorman, Ross, approximately 1890–1953; Hirsch, Walter, 1891–1967; Buffano, Jules, 1897–1960. Some Lonesome Night: Fox Trot. Richmond-Robbins, Inc. （English）.
^ Warren, Harry; Gorman, Ross; Leslie, Edgar. Rose of the Rio Grande. Stark and Cowan, Inc. 1922.
^ Murray, Albert; Thomas, Greg. Murray Talks Music: Albert Murray on Jazz and Blues. University of Minnesota Press. 2016. doi:10.5749/j.ctt1bhkph9.22.
^ Nicholson, Stuart. Jazz and culture in a global age. Lebanon: Northeastern University Press. 2014: 216. ISBN 9781555538446.

[1] Ross Gorman | SecondHandSongs. secondhandsongs.com. [June 27, 2022].

[2] Shirley, Wayne D. Scoring the Concerto in F: George Gershwin's First Orchestration. American Music. 1985, 3 (3): 277–298. ISSN 0734-4392. doi:10.2307/3051471.

[3] Levin, Floyd. Classic jazz : a personal view of the music and the musicians. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. 2002: 74–75. ISBN 9780520234635.

[4] The Virginians (3) at discogs.com. [June 9, 2024].

[5] University of California, Santa Barbara Library. Discography of American Historical Recordings, Virginians. Regents of the University of California. [June 9, 2024].

[6] Rust, Brian. Jazz records, 1897–1942 4th revised and enlarged. New Rochelle, N.Y. 1978. ISBN 0870004042.

[7] The guitar in jazz : an anthology. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1996: 23. ISBN 9780803242500.

[8] Gorman, Ross, approximately 1890–1953; Hirsch, Walter, 1891–1967; Buffano, Jules, 1897–1960. Some Lonesome Night: Fox Trot. Richmond-Robbins, Inc. （English）.

[9] Warren, Harry; Gorman, Ross; Leslie, Edgar. Rose of the Rio Grande. Stark and Cowan, Inc. 1922.

[10] Murray, Albert; Thomas, Greg. Murray Talks Music: Albert Murray on Jazz and Blues. University of Minnesota Press. 2016. doi:10.5749/j.ctt1bhkph9.22.

[11] Nicholson, Stuart. Jazz and culture in a global age. Lebanon: Northeastern University Press. 2014: 216. ISBN 9781555538446.

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