User:向史公哲曰/各国领导人列表
| 政治系列的一部份 |
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| 最高領導人 |
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國家元首 虚位元首 |
| 政府 |
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| 政党 |
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| 政體設計 |
| 政府類型 |
| 列表 |
| 政治主題 |
| 各国相关 |
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本列表列举了世界各国的现任领导人，包括国家元首、政府首脑和最高领导人。应注意的是，本列表的职务划分基于议会制国家的权力分配习惯，因此对于其他政体的国家而言，本列表的职务划分可能并不准确。
例如在某些情况下（如总统制国家），国家元首与政府首脑由一人兼任；在某些情况下（如半总统制国家），国家的行政權并不完全由政府首脑掌控；在某些情况下（如一党制国家），政党领袖为该国事实上的最高领导人。
列表以该国的受承认情况和字母顺序区分。
收录标准
[编辑]本列表收入如下政治实体：
- 参与联合国大会的195个政治实体
- 新西兰的2个联系邦（
纽埃和
庫克群島） - 2个主权实体（
欧洲联盟和
馬爾他騎士團） - 8个未受国际普遍承认国家
- 控制部分领土的替代政府（如民族团结政府 (缅甸)、加沙哈马斯政府）
- 受联合国会员国承认，处于流亡状态的替代政府（协调委员会 (白俄罗斯)和第四届委内瑞拉全国代表大会）
本列表并不收入如下政治实体:
- 属地（如
香港、
百慕大、
托克勞、
波多黎各） - 不属于属地的域外领土（如
荷蘭加勒比區、
法属圭亚那、
休達） - 属地的组成部分（如
阿森松岛、凯尔盖朗群岛） - 不属于属地的欧盟特别领域（如
亚速尔、
加那利群岛） - 不属于属地的似国家实体（如
威尔士、
果敢、
卢甘斯克人民共和国） - 私人国家（如
西兰公国） - 不属于属地的自治行政区等特殊政区（如
加泰罗尼亚、
復活節島、
伊拉克库尔德斯坦） - 不属于属地的联邦制国家成员（如
车臣共和国、
塞族共和國） - 大多数割据势力（如
伊斯蘭國） - 大多数流亡政府（如
伊奇克里亞車臣共和國、
錫金） - 共管区域（如南极、阿卜耶伊地区）
- 未接触部落（如哨兵岛人）[來源請求]
联合国成员国与观察员国
[编辑]| 颜色代表 |
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绿色单元格表示依据宪法，掌控最高权力的领导人职位
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蓝色单元格表示掌握最高权力，但其职位缺少宪法授权的领导人
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注意：小号字体表示代理、临时、过渡或暂代的领导人，其他的特殊情况将在§ 注释中说明。
Other states
[编辑]The following states are in free association with a UN member state.
| State | Associated with | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 庫克群島
|
 新西兰
|
King – Charles III[ν] King's Representative – Sir Tom Marsters |
Prime Minister – Mark Brown |
 纽埃
|
 新西兰
|
King – Charles III[ν] King's Representative – Dame Cindy Kiro[ι] |
Prime Minister – Dalton Tagelagi |
The following states control at least part of their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.
| State | Also claimed by | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 阿布哈茲
|
 Georgia
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President – Aslan Bzhania | Prime Minister – Aleksander Ankvab |
 中華民國 (Taiwan)
|
 People's Republic of China
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President – Lai Ching-te | Premier – Cho Jung-tai |
 科索沃
|
 塞爾維亞
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President – Vjosa Osmani | Prime Minister – Albin Kurti |
 北賽普勒斯
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 賽普勒斯
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President – Ersin Tatar | Prime Minister – Ünal Üstel |
 撒拉威阿拉伯民主共和國
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 摩洛哥
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General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim Ghali | |
| President – Brahim Ghali | Prime Minister – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun | ||
 南奥塞梯
|
 Georgia
|
President – Alan Gagloyev | Prime Minister – Konstantin Dzhussoyev |
The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.
| State | Also claimed by | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 索馬利蘭
|
 索马里
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President – Muse Bihi Abdi | |
 德涅斯特河沿岸
|
 摩尔多瓦
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President – Vadim Krasnoselsky | Prime Minister – Aleksander Rozenberg |
其他政府
[编辑]这些替代政府控制了部分领土，并获得至少一个联合国会员国的承认。
| 政府 | 国家 | 国家元首 | 政府首脑 |
|---|---|---|---|
 最高政治委员会
|
葉門
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胡塞运动领导人 – 阿卜杜勒·马利克·胡塞[16] | |
| 主席 – 邁赫迪·馬沙塔 | 总理 – 阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹·本·哈布图尔 | ||
 叙利亚反对派和革命力量全国联盟
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 叙利亚
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主席 – 哈迪·巴赫拉 | 总理 –阿卜杜拉赫曼·穆斯塔法 |
These alternative governments control part of their territory, but are not recognized as legitimate by any UN member states.
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 Government of National Stability
|
利比亞
|
Supreme Commander of the Libyan National Army – Khalifa Haftar | |
| Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi[ξ] | Acting Prime Minister – Osama Hammad[17] | ||
 Hamas government in Gaza
|
 巴勒斯坦
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Hamas Chief in the Gaza Strip – Vacant | |
| President – Mahmoud Abbas[ο] | Head of the Government Administrative Committee – Essam al-Da'alis | ||
 National Unity Government
|
緬甸
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Acting President – Duwa Lashi La | Prime Minister – Mahn Win Khaing Than |
 Syrian Salvation Government
|
叙利亚
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Commander-in-Chief of Tahrir al-Sham – Abu Mohammad al-Julani[18] | |
| President of the General Shura Council – Mustafa al-Mousa | Prime Minister – Ali Keda | ||
These alternative governments do not control their territory but are recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member state.
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 Coordination Council
|
 白俄羅斯
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President and Head of the Cabinet – Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya | |
 National Assembly (2015)
|
委內瑞拉
|
President of the National Assembly – Dinorah Figuera[19] | |
特殊主权实体
[编辑]| 主权实体 | 元首 | 行政首长 |
|---|---|---|
 欧洲联盟
|
欧洲理事会主席 – 夏尔·米歇尔[20] | 欧盟委员会主席 – 乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩[21] |
 马耳他骑士团
|
大教长 – 约翰·蒂莫斯·邓拉普 | 总理 – 里卡尔多·帕泰尔诺·迪蒙特库波 |
See also
[编辑]
- President of the Republic
- List of countries by system of government
- List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office
- List of current monarchs of sovereign states
- List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents
- List of current interior ministers
- List of current foreign ministers
- List of current finance ministers
- List of current defence ministers
- List of current legislatures
- List of current presidents of legislatures
- List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government
- List of leaders of dependent territories
- List of oldest living state leaders
- List of national governments
- Lists of state leaders
- Lists of state leaders by century
- List of state leaders in the 21st century
- List of state leaders in 2024
Notes
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 引用错误：没有为名为
FR的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 引用错误：没有为名为
CIIIR的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 引用错误：没有为名为
WeakPM的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 引用错误：没有为名为
BA1的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 引用错误：没有为名为
BA2的参考文献提供内容 - ^ The council will exercise certain presidential powers until a new president is elected or until February 7, 2026, whichever comes first. The presidency has been vacant since the assassination of Jovenel Moïse in 2021.[5][6][7][8]
- ^ 引用错误：没有为名为
IR的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 引用错误：没有为名为
JP的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 9.0 9.1 引用错误：没有为名为
NZ的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 10.0 10.1 引用错误：没有为名为
SM的参考文献提供内容 - ^ The Transitional Sovereignty Council is the collective head of state of Sudan per the 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration. While the council was intended to be a unity government incorporating civilian and military elements that used consensus decision making, Chairman Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who is also Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces, has monopolized power.[10][11][12]
- ^ 引用错误：没有为名为
CH的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 13.0 13.1 引用错误：没有为名为
ASNZ的参考文献提供内容 - ^ Al-Menfi is also considered head of state by the internationally-recognized Government of National Unity. Hamada is disputing the premiership of Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, with the backing of the House of Representatives and the Libyan National Army.
- ^ Internationally-recognized president also recognized by Hamas since the Palestinian Unity Government of June 2014
References
[编辑]- ^ Rudenka, Arsien. У Беларусі фармуецца УНС. Топ-7 простых пытанняў пра новы дзяржаўны орган [The ABPA is being formed in Belarus: Top 7 simple questions about the new state organ]. Belsat TV. 16 April 2024 [12 May 2024] （白俄罗斯语）.
- ^ Cai, Derek; Head, Jonathan. Cambodia: PM's son Hun Manet appointed next ruler in royal formality. Singapore: BBC News. 7 August 2023 [7 August 2023].
Hun Sen will however retain leadership of the ruling Cambodian People's Party - a position political analysts say still gives him ultimate control.
• Murphy, Matt. Hun Sen: Cambodia election result confirms expected win for PM. BBC News. 6 August 2023 [7 August 2023].[Hun Sen] is expected to become president of the Senate early next year and will serve as acting head of state when King Norodom Sihamoni is abroad.
- ^ Les cohabitations. vie-publique.fr. 2018-07-07.
Dans ce cadre [cohabitation], le caractère dyarchique (à deux têtes) de l’exécutif apparaît pleinement, puisque le chef de l'État, élu au suffrage universel direct, perd sa fonction de direction de l’exécutif au profit du Premier ministre, responsable devant l’Assemblée nationale.
已忽略未知参数|lang=（建议使用|language=） (帮助) - ^ General Nguema appointed transitional president of Gabon following coup. Anadolu Agency (Kigali). 30 August 2023 [31 August 2023].
- ^ Haiti's Constitution of 1987 with Amendments through 2012 (PDF). Constitute Project. [20 May 2023].
- ^ Fatton, Robert. Will Haitians get the chance to determine their future — without foreign interference?. The Washington Post. 23 July 2021 [20 May 2023].
On Tuesday, Henry was sworn in, pledging to hold new elections in 120 days. For now, Haiti has no president[...].
- ^ Sullivan, Becky. As its only remaining elected officials depart, Haiti reaches a breaking point. NPR. 18 January 2023 [20 May 2023].
The constitutional mandate of Haiti's de facto ruler, Prime Minister Ariel Henry — which some viewed as questionable from the start, as he was never technically sworn in — ended more than a year ago. The country has had no president since its last one, Jovenel Moïse, was assassinated in 2021.
- ^ Mendonca, Duarte. Haiti's prime minister resigns as council sworn in to lead political transition in violence-ravaged nation. CNN. 25 April 2024 [25 April 2024].
- ^ Niger military names 21-person cabinet ahead of key West African summit. Al Jazeera. 10 August 2023 [14 August 2023].
- ^ Sudan's Constitution of 2019 (PDF). [23 March 2023].
- ^ Sudan's reinstated PM Hamdok promises a path to democracy. Al Jazeera. 22 November 2021 [22 March 2023].
The 14-point deal between Hamdok and the military, signed in the presidential palace in Khartoum on Sunday, also provides for the release of all political prisoners detained during the coup and stipulates that a 2019 constitutional declaration be the basis for a political transition, according to details read out on state television.
- ^ Olewe, Dickens. Mohamed 'Hemeti' Dagalo: Top Sudan military figure says coup was a mistake. BBC News. 20 February 2023 [23 March 2023].
- ^ Sudan coup leader restores restructured Sovereignty Council. Radio Dabanga (Khartoum). 11 November 2021 [26 March 2023].
- ^ Sudan's Burhan dismisses Hemedti of his position. Al Bawaba. [2023-05-19] （英语）.
- ^ Turkmenistan's president expands his father's power. Associated Press (Ashgabat). 22 January 2023 [29 January 2023].
- ^ Nasser, Afrah. 'Republic of fear': A return to Yemen after 11 years. Al Jazeera. 18 December 2022 [22 December 2022].
- ^ Libya parliament suspends rival eastern-based PM Bashagha. Al Jazeera. 16 May 2023 [29 May 2023].
- ^ Syria's Idlib enclave: how does it work?. Agence France-Presse (Beirut, Lebanon). France 24. 28 June 2019 [10 January 2023].
The head of the Salvation Government is [the prime minister], who assumed his post late last year, but the region's strongman is HTS chief Abu Mohammed al-Jolani.
- ^ Goodman, Joshua; Rodriguez Montilla, Camille. Exiled Venezuela lawmakers chosen to lead anti-Maduro fight. Associated Press (Caracas). 8 January 2023 [10 January 2023].
- ^ Europese knoop ontward: Charles Michel wordt voorzitter van de Europese Raad. 2019-07-02. （原始内容存档于2021-04-13）.
- ^ Von der Leyen elected EU Commission head after MEPs vote. BBC News. 2019-07-16. （原始内容存档于2022-09-01）.
External links
[编辑]- CIDOB Foundation （西班牙語）Template:Emdashcontextualised biographies of world political leaders
- EmilePhaneufTemplate:Emdashan archived, partial list of official websites for heads of state
- Portale Storia （義大利語）Template:Emdasha list of current rulers by country
- RulersTemplate:Emdasha list of rulers throughout time and places
- United NationsTemplate:Emdasha list of heads of state, heads of government, and foreign ministers
