使用者:向史公哲曰/各國領導人列表
| 政治系列的一部份 |
| 行政機構 |
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| 最高領導人 |
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國家元首 虛位元首 |
| 政府 |
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| 政黨 |
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| 政體設計 |
| 政府類型 |
| 列表 |
| 政治主題 |
| 各國相關 |
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| 查 · 論 · 編 |
本列表列舉了世界各國的現任領導人，包括國家元首、政府首腦和最高領導人。應注意的是，本列表的職務劃分基於議會制國家的權力分配習慣，因此對於其他政體的國家而言，本列表的職務劃分可能並不準確。
例如在某些情況下（如總統制國家），國家元首與政府首腦由一人兼任；在某些情況下（如半總統制國家），國家的行政權並不完全由政府首腦掌控；在某些情況下（如一黨制國家），政黨領袖為該國事實上的最高領導人。
列表以該國的受承認情況和字母順序區分。
收錄標準
[編輯]本列表收入如下政治實體：
- 參與聯合國大會的195個政治實體
- 新西蘭的2個聯繫邦（
紐埃和
庫克群島） - 2個主權實體（
歐洲聯盟和
馬爾他騎士團） - 8個未受國際普遍承認國家
- 控制部分領土的替代政府（如民族團結政府 (緬甸)、加沙哈馬斯政府）
- 受聯合國會員國承認，處於流亡狀態的替代政府（協調委員會 (白俄羅斯)和第四屆委內瑞拉全國代表大會）
本列表並不收入如下政治實體:
- 屬地（如
香港、
百慕大、
托克勞、
波多黎各） - 不屬於屬地的域外領土（如
荷蘭加勒比區、
法屬圭亞那、
休達） - 屬地的組成部分（如
亞森欣島、凱爾蓋朗群島） - 不屬於屬地的歐盟特別領域（如
亞速群島、
加那利群島） - 不屬於屬地的似國家實體（如
威爾斯、
果敢、
盧甘斯克人民共和國） - 私人國家（如
西蘭公國） - 不屬於屬地的自治行政區等特殊政區（如
加泰羅尼亞、
復活節島、
伊拉克庫爾德斯坦） - 不屬於屬地的聯邦制國家成員（如
車臣共和國、
塞族共和國） - 大多數割據勢力（如
伊斯蘭國） - 大多數流亡政府（如
伊奇克里亞車臣共和國、
錫金） - 共管區域（如南極、阿卜耶伊地區）
- 未接觸部落（如哨兵島人）[來源請求]
聯合國成員國與觀察員國
[編輯]| 顏色代表 |
|---|
綠色單元格表示依據憲法，掌控最高權力的領導人職位
|
藍色單元格表示掌握最高權力，但其職位缺少憲法授權的領導人
|
注意：小號字體表示代理、臨時、過渡或暫代的領導人，其他的特殊情況將在§ 注釋中說明。
Other states
[編輯]The following states are in free association with a UN member state.
| State | Associated with | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 庫克群島
|
 新西蘭
|
King – Charles III[ν] King's Representative – Sir Tom Marsters |
Prime Minister – Mark Brown |
 紐埃
|
 新西蘭
|
King – Charles III[ν] King's Representative – Dame Cindy Kiro[ι] |
Prime Minister – Dalton Tagelagi |
The following states control at least part of their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.
| State | Also claimed by | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 阿布哈茲
|
 Georgia
|
President – Aslan Bzhania | Prime Minister – Aleksander Ankvab |
 中華民國 (Taiwan)
|
 People's Republic of China
|
President – Lai Ching-te | Premier – Cho Jung-tai |
 科索沃
|
 塞爾維亞
|
President – Vjosa Osmani | Prime Minister – Albin Kurti |
 北賽普勒斯
|
 賽普勒斯
|
President – Ersin Tatar | Prime Minister – Ünal Üstel |
 撒拉威阿拉伯民主共和國
|
 摩洛哥
|
General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim Ghali | |
| President – Brahim Ghali | Prime Minister – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun | ||
 南奧塞梯
|
 Georgia
|
President – Alan Gagloyev | Prime Minister – Konstantin Dzhussoyev |
The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.
| State | Also claimed by | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 索馬利蘭
|
 索馬利亞
|
President – Muse Bihi Abdi | |
 德涅斯特河沿岸
|
 摩爾多瓦
|
President – Vadim Krasnoselsky | Prime Minister – Aleksander Rozenberg |
其他政府
[編輯]這些替代政府控制了部分領土，並獲得至少一個聯合國會員國的承認。
| 政府 | 國家 | 國家元首 | 政府首腦 |
|---|---|---|---|
 最高政治委員會
|
葉門
|
胡塞運動領導人 – 阿卜杜勒·馬利克·胡塞[16] | |
| 主席 – 邁赫迪·馬沙塔 | 總理 – 阿卜杜勒·阿齊茲·本·哈布圖爾 | ||
 敘利亞反對派和革命力量全國聯盟
|
 敘利亞
|
主席 – 哈迪·巴赫拉 | 總理 –阿卜杜拉赫曼·穆斯塔法 |
These alternative governments control part of their territory, but are not recognized as legitimate by any UN member states.
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 Government of National Stability
|
利比亞
|
Supreme Commander of the Libyan National Army – Khalifa Haftar | |
| Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi[ξ] | Acting Prime Minister – Osama Hammad[17] | ||
 Hamas government in Gaza
|
 巴勒斯坦
|
Hamas Chief in the Gaza Strip – Vacant | |
| President – Mahmoud Abbas[ο] | Head of the Government Administrative Committee – Essam al-Da'alis | ||
 National Unity Government
|
緬甸
|
Acting President – Duwa Lashi La | Prime Minister – Mahn Win Khaing Than |
 Syrian Salvation Government
|
敘利亞
|
Commander-in-Chief of Tahrir al-Sham – Abu Mohammad al-Julani[18] | |
| President of the General Shura Council – Mustafa al-Mousa | Prime Minister – Ali Keda | ||
These alternative governments do not control their territory but are recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member state.
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 Coordination Council
|
 白俄羅斯
|
President and Head of the Cabinet – Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya | |
 National Assembly (2015)
|
委內瑞拉
|
President of the National Assembly – Dinorah Figuera[19] | |
特殊主權實體
[編輯]| 主權實體 | 元首 | 行政首長 |
|---|---|---|
 歐洲聯盟
|
歐洲理事會主席 – 夏爾·米歇爾[20] | 歐盟委員會主席 – 烏爾蘇拉·馮德萊恩[21] |
 馬耳他騎士團
|
大教長 – 約翰·蒂莫斯·鄧拉普 | 總理 – 里卡爾多·帕泰爾諾·迪蒙特庫波 |
See also
[編輯]
- President of the Republic
- List of countries by system of government
- List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office
- List of current monarchs of sovereign states
- List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents
- List of current interior ministers
- List of current foreign ministers
- List of current finance ministers
- List of current defence ministers
- List of current legislatures
- List of current presidents of legislatures
- List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government
- List of leaders of dependent territories
- List of oldest living state leaders
- List of national governments
- Lists of state leaders
- Lists of state leaders by century
- List of state leaders in the 21st century
- List of state leaders in 2024
Notes
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
FR的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
CIIIR的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
WeakPM的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
BA1的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
BA2的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ The council will exercise certain presidential powers until a new president is elected or until February 7, 2026, whichever comes first. The presidency has been vacant since the assassination of Jovenel Moïse in 2021.[5][6][7][8]
- ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
IR的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
JP的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ 9.0 9.1 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
NZ的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ 10.0 10.1 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
SM的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ The Transitional Sovereignty Council is the collective head of state of Sudan per the 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration. While the council was intended to be a unity government incorporating civilian and military elements that used consensus decision making, Chairman Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who is also Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces, has monopolized power.[10][11][12]
- ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
CH的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ 13.0 13.1 引用錯誤：沒有為名為
ASNZ的參考文獻提供內容 - ^ Al-Menfi is also considered head of state by the internationally-recognized Government of National Unity. Hamada is disputing the premiership of Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, with the backing of the House of Representatives and the Libyan National Army.
- ^ Internationally-recognized president also recognized by Hamas since the Palestinian Unity Government of June 2014
References
[編輯]- ^ Rudenka, Arsien. У Беларусі фармуецца УНС. Топ-7 простых пытанняў пра новы дзяржаўны орган [The ABPA is being formed in Belarus: Top 7 simple questions about the new state organ]. Belsat TV. 16 April 2024 [12 May 2024] （白俄羅斯語）.
- ^ Cai, Derek; Head, Jonathan. Cambodia: PM's son Hun Manet appointed next ruler in royal formality. Singapore: BBC News. 7 August 2023 [7 August 2023].
Hun Sen will however retain leadership of the ruling Cambodian People's Party - a position political analysts say still gives him ultimate control.
• Murphy, Matt. Hun Sen: Cambodia election result confirms expected win for PM. BBC News. 6 August 2023 [7 August 2023].[Hun Sen] is expected to become president of the Senate early next year and will serve as acting head of state when King Norodom Sihamoni is abroad.
- ^ Les cohabitations. vie-publique.fr. 2018-07-07.
Dans ce cadre [cohabitation], le caractère dyarchique (à deux têtes) de l』exécutif apparaît pleinement, puisque le chef de l'État, élu au suffrage universel direct, perd sa fonction de direction de l』exécutif au profit du Premier ministre, responsable devant l』Assemblée nationale.
已忽略未知參數|lang=（建議使用|language=） (幫助) - ^ General Nguema appointed transitional president of Gabon following coup. Anadolu Agency (Kigali). 30 August 2023 [31 August 2023].
- ^ Haiti's Constitution of 1987 with Amendments through 2012 (PDF). Constitute Project. [20 May 2023].
- ^ Fatton, Robert. Will Haitians get the chance to determine their future — without foreign interference?. The Washington Post. 23 July 2021 [20 May 2023].
On Tuesday, Henry was sworn in, pledging to hold new elections in 120 days. For now, Haiti has no president[...].
- ^ Sullivan, Becky. As its only remaining elected officials depart, Haiti reaches a breaking point. NPR. 18 January 2023 [20 May 2023].
The constitutional mandate of Haiti's de facto ruler, Prime Minister Ariel Henry — which some viewed as questionable from the start, as he was never technically sworn in — ended more than a year ago. The country has had no president since its last one, Jovenel Moïse, was assassinated in 2021.
- ^ Mendonca, Duarte. Haiti's prime minister resigns as council sworn in to lead political transition in violence-ravaged nation. CNN. 25 April 2024 [25 April 2024].
- ^ Niger military names 21-person cabinet ahead of key West African summit. Al Jazeera. 10 August 2023 [14 August 2023].
- ^ Sudan's Constitution of 2019 (PDF). [23 March 2023].
- ^ Sudan's reinstated PM Hamdok promises a path to democracy. Al Jazeera. 22 November 2021 [22 March 2023].
The 14-point deal between Hamdok and the military, signed in the presidential palace in Khartoum on Sunday, also provides for the release of all political prisoners detained during the coup and stipulates that a 2019 constitutional declaration be the basis for a political transition, according to details read out on state television.
- ^ Olewe, Dickens. Mohamed 'Hemeti' Dagalo: Top Sudan military figure says coup was a mistake. BBC News. 20 February 2023 [23 March 2023].
- ^ Sudan coup leader restores restructured Sovereignty Council. Radio Dabanga (Khartoum). 11 November 2021 [26 March 2023].
- ^ Sudan's Burhan dismisses Hemedti of his position. Al Bawaba. [2023-05-19] （英語）.
- ^ Turkmenistan's president expands his father's power. Associated Press (Ashgabat). 22 January 2023 [29 January 2023].
- ^ Nasser, Afrah. 'Republic of fear': A return to Yemen after 11 years. Al Jazeera. 18 December 2022 [22 December 2022].
- ^ Libya parliament suspends rival eastern-based PM Bashagha. Al Jazeera. 16 May 2023 [29 May 2023].
- ^ Syria's Idlib enclave: how does it work?. Agence France-Presse (Beirut, Lebanon). France 24. 28 June 2019 [10 January 2023].
The head of the Salvation Government is [the prime minister], who assumed his post late last year, but the region's strongman is HTS chief Abu Mohammed al-Jolani.
- ^ Goodman, Joshua; Rodriguez Montilla, Camille. Exiled Venezuela lawmakers chosen to lead anti-Maduro fight. Associated Press (Caracas). 8 January 2023 [10 January 2023].
- ^ Europese knoop ontward: Charles Michel wordt voorzitter van de Europese Raad. 2019-07-02. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-13）.
- ^ Von der Leyen elected EU Commission head after MEPs vote. BBC News. 2019-07-16. （原始內容存檔於2022-09-01）.
External links
[編輯]- CIDOB Foundation （西班牙語）Template:Emdashcontextualised biographies of world political leaders
- EmilePhaneufTemplate:Emdashan archived, partial list of official websites for heads of state
- Portale Storia （義大利語）Template:Emdasha list of current rulers by country
- RulersTemplate:Emdasha list of rulers throughout time and places
- United NationsTemplate:Emdasha list of heads of state, heads of government, and foreign ministers
