左乙拉西坦

左乙拉西坦
臨床資料
讀音	/lɛvɪtɪˈræsɪtæm/
商品名（英語：Drug nomenclature）	Keppra, Elepsia, Spritam, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a699059
核准狀況	美 DailyMed: Levetiracetam;
懷孕分級	澳: B3 ; ;
給藥途徑	口服給藥、靜脈注射
藥物類別（英語：Drug class）	消旋坦（英語：Racetam）抗癲癎藥物（英語：anticonvulsant）
ATC碼	N03AX14 (WHO) ;
法律規範狀態
法律規範	澳：限醫生處方（S4）; 加：處方藥（℞-only）; 歐：Rx-only; 英：處方藥（℞-only） (POM); 美：處方藥（℞-only）; 處方藥（℞-only）;
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度	≈100%
血漿蛋白結合率	<10%
藥物代謝	乙酰胺基團的酵素水解
生物半衰期	6–8小時
排泄途徑	腎
識別資訊
	IUPAC命名法 (S)-2-(2-Oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamide; ;
CAS號	102767-28-2
PubChem CID	5284583;
IUPHAR/BPS	6826;
DrugBank	DB01202 ;
ChemSpider	4447633 ;
UNII	44YRR34555;
KEGG	D00709 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:6437 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1286 ;
CompTox Dashboard（英語：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID9023207 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.121.571
化學資訊
化學式	C8H14N2O2
摩爾質量	170.21 g·mol−1
3D模型（JSmol（英語：JSmol））	交互式圖像;
	SMILES O=C1N([C@H](C(=O)N)CC)CCC1;
	InChI InChI=1S/C8H14N2O2/c1-2-6(8(9)12)10-5-3-4-7(10)11/h6H,2-5H2,1H3,(H2,9,12)/t6-/m0/s1 ; Key:HPHUVLMMVZITSG-LURJTMIESA-N ;

左乙拉西坦（Levetiracetam）是一種治療癲癇的藥物^[7]。適用的治療包括：部分性發作、肌陣攣性發作或強直-陣攣性發作^[7]。有口服（即時釋放或緩慢釋放的修飾釋放劑型（英語：Modified-release dosage）），或靜脈注射^[7]。

常見的副作用包括嗜睡、頭暈、疲倦和攻擊性^[7]。嚴重的副作用可能包括精神病、自殺和過敏，如史蒂芬斯-強森症候群和過敏性休克^[7]。懷孕期使用的安全性仍不清楚，但哺乳期使用似乎安全^[8]。它是乙拉西坦（英語：Etiracetam）的左旋-對映異構體^[9]。詳細的作用機制尚不清楚^[7]。

此藥於1999年在美國取得醫療使用許可，^[7]並名列世界衛生組織的基本藥物清單^[10]。已有學名藥流通於市^[11]。 2020年，它在美國最常用的處方藥中名列第92位，處方量超過700萬張^[12] ^[13]。

參考文獻

^ Levetiracetam Use During Pregnancy. Drugs.com. [5 March 2019]. （原始內容存檔於6 March 2019）.
^ Keppra 100 mg/ml concentrate for solution for infusion - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). (emc). [9 September 2020]. （原始內容存檔於24 October 2021）.
^ Keppra- levetiracetam tablet, film coated Keppra- levetiracetam solution. DailyMed. 5 November 2019 [9 September 2020]. （原始內容存檔於7 August 2020）.
^ Keppra XR- levetiracetam tablet, film coated, extended release. DailyMed. 4 November 2019 [9 September 2020]. （原始內容存檔於29 July 2021）.
^ Keppra- levetiracetam injection, solution, concentrate. DailyMed. 4 November 2019 [9 September 2020]. （原始內容存檔於21 January 2016）.
^ Anvisa. RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control]. Diário Oficial da União（英語：Diário Oficial da União）. 31 March 2023 (4 April 2023) [16 August 2023]. （原始內容存檔於3 August 2023）（巴西葡萄牙語）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 Levetiracetam Monograph for Professionals. Drugs.com. AHFS. [14 January 2019]. （原始內容存檔於24 March 2019）（英語）.
^ Levetiracetam Use During Pregnancy. Drugs.com. [5 March 2019]. （原始內容存檔於6 March 2019）（英語）.
^ Cavanna, Andrea E. Behavioural Neurology of Anti-Epileptic Drugs: A Practical Guide. Oxford University Press. 2018: 17 [5 March 2019]. ISBN 9780198791577. （原始內容存檔於6 March 2019）（英語）.
^ World Health Organization. The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2023. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
^ British national formulary: BNF 76 76. Pharmaceutical Press. 2018: 319. ISBN 9780857113382.
^ The Top 300 of 2020. ClinCalc. [7 October 2022]. （原始內容存檔於12 February 2021）.
^ Levetiracetam - Drug Usage Statistics. ClinCalc. [7 October 2022]. （原始內容存檔於28 February 2020）.

[Drugs.com_pregnancy-1] Levetiracetam Use During Pregnancy. Drugs.com. [5 March 2019]. （原始內容存檔於6 March 2019）.

[Keppra_SmPC-2] Keppra 100 mg/ml concentrate for solution for infusion - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). (emc). [9 September 2020]. （原始內容存檔於24 October 2021）.

[Keppra_tablet_FDA_label-3] Keppra- levetiracetam tablet, film coated Keppra- levetiracetam solution. DailyMed. 5 November 2019 [9 September 2020]. （原始內容存檔於7 August 2020）.

[Keppra_XR_FDA_label-4] Keppra XR- levetiracetam tablet, film coated, extended release. DailyMed. 4 November 2019 [9 September 2020]. （原始內容存檔於29 July 2021）.

[Keppra_IV_FDA_label-5] Keppra- levetiracetam injection, solution, concentrate. DailyMed. 4 November 2019 [9 September 2020]. （原始內容存檔於21 January 2016）.

[6] Anvisa. RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control]. Diário Oficial da União（英語：Diário Oficial da União）. 31 March 2023 (4 April 2023) [16 August 2023]. （原始內容存檔於3 August 2023）（巴西葡萄牙語）.

[AHFS2019-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 Levetiracetam Monograph for Professionals. Drugs.com. AHFS. [14 January 2019]. （原始內容存檔於24 March 2019）（英語）.

[8] Levetiracetam Use During Pregnancy. Drugs.com. [5 March 2019]. （原始內容存檔於6 March 2019）（英語）.

[9] Cavanna, Andrea E. Behavioural Neurology of Anti-Epileptic Drugs: A Practical Guide. Oxford University Press. 2018: 17 [5 March 2019]. ISBN 9780198791577. （原始內容存檔於6 March 2019）（英語）.

[WHO23rd-10] World Health Organization. The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2023. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.

[BNF76-11] British national formulary: BNF 76 76. Pharmaceutical Press. 2018: 319. ISBN 9780857113382.

[12] The Top 300 of 2020. ClinCalc. [7 October 2022]. （原始內容存檔於12 February 2021）.

[13] Levetiracetam - Drug Usage Statistics. ClinCalc. [7 October 2022]. （原始內容存檔於28 February 2020）.

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