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自由黨 (巴西)

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自由黨
Partido Liberal
成立2006年10月26日
合併自
總部巴西聯邦區巴西利亞
黨員
(2023年)
761,870
意識形態
政治立場右翼[9]極右翼[10]
歷史上:
中間偏右[15]右翼[16]
參議院
12 / 81
眾議院
98 / 513
州長
2 / 27
州議會
128 / 1,024
市長
348 / 5,568
市議會
3,467 / 56,810
黨旗
官方網站
pl22.com.br
巴西政治
政黨 · 選舉

自由黨(葡萄牙語:Partido Liberal,縮寫為PL)是巴西的一個右翼極右翼政黨。該黨成立於2006年,最初取名為共和國黨。2019年,改名為自由黨[17]雅伊爾·博索納羅羅馬里奧都是該黨黨員。

參考文獻

[編輯]
  1. ^ Gustavo A. Flores-Macias, Gustavo Flores-Macias (編). After Neoliberalism?: The Left and Economic Reforms in Latin America. Oxford University Press, USA. 2012: 134 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 9780199891672. (原始內容存檔於2022-10-02). ... Lula's PT government enjoyed the congressional support of the conservative Liberal Party (PL),81 the vice ... system is fragmented but in disarray—the comparatively institutionalized party system in Brazil makes fragmentation more ... 
  2. ^ Kristin N. Wylie (編). Party Institutionalization and Women's Representation in Democratic Brazil. Cambridge University Press. 2018: 168 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 9781108429795. (原始內容存檔於2022-10-07). ... While at the helm of the small conservative Liberal Party (PL), Pedrosa's brother suggested she help the party fill the 30 percent ... 
  3. ^ Lee J. Alston, Marcus André Melo, Bernardo Mueller (編). Brazil in Transition: Beliefs, Leadership, and Institutional Change. Princeton University Press. 2016: 126 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 9781400880942. (原始內容存檔於2022-10-02). To placate the suspicions of the business elites, Lula invited as his running mate a prominent politician from the conservative Liberal Party. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 PL e Prona promovem fusão. [2021-03-17]. (原始內容存檔於2020-01-21).  已忽略未知參數|publicado= (幫助)
  5. ^ {{cite web|url=http://pl22.com.br/partido/historia_do_pr.html%7Ctitle=:: Partido da República - 22 ::
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Partidos em números: PP e PL. Pindograma. 2020-12-08 [2021-03-17]. (原始內容存檔於2022-10-09). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Congresso em Foco. Radar do Congresso: Governismo. 2021-03-03 [2021-03-17]. (原始內容存檔於2022-12-22). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Bolsonaro to join right-wing Liberal Party for re-election campaign. The Brazilian Report. 2021-11-08 [2021-12-01]. (原始內容存檔於2023-07-09) (美國英語). 
  9. ^ [6][7][8]
  10. ^ <https://brazilian.report/liveblog/2021/11/08/liberal-party-re-election-campaign頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館
  11. ^ O que significa esquerda, direita e centro na política?. [2022-02-13]. (原始內容存檔於2018-09-08). 
  12. ^ Reuters. Bolsonaro to join center-right PL party to take on leftist Lula. Reuters. 2021-11-08 [2022-01-24]. (原始內容存檔於2022-12-06) (英語). 
  13. ^ Gomez Bruera, Hernan. Lula, the Workers' Party and the Governability Dilemma in Brazil. Routledge. 2013: 77. 
  14. ^ Brazil's Bolsonaro officially joins centre-right Liberal Party. www.aljazeera.com. [2022-01-24]. (原始內容存檔於2023-05-25) (英語). 
  15. ^ [11][12][13] [14]
  16. ^ [6][7][8]
  17. ^ Aprovada alteração do nome do Partido da República (PR) para Partido Liberal (PL). Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. 2019-05-07 [2019-06-02]. (原始內容存檔於2019-06-11) (葡萄牙語).