邦德事件
外觀
邦德事件(英語:Bond event),又稱1500年氣候周期,是指北大西洋的冰筏活動,與全新世以來全球氣候變化有關。目前已發生八起邦德活動,周期在1,000-1,500年之間[1][2]。
傑拉德·C·邦德通過哥倫比亞大學的拉蒙特-多爾蒂地球觀測所做了一系列北大西洋岩石軌跡的研究,於1997年發表論文,認為晚更新世以來全球氣候存在1470年的周期性波動[1][3]。然而此後的研究結果表明,支持此氣候循環的證據不多[2]。
此外,2005年格陵蘭島冰芯數據顯示[4],這種氣候變化與丹斯伽阿德-厄施格爾周期沒有太大關聯[2][5][6]。北大西洋冰筏活動與美國靠近大西洋地區湖泊水位下降有關,和中東地區持續55,000年的乾旱也有部分關聯[7][8][9][10][11]。
列表
[編輯]大多數邦德活動沒有明顯的氣候變化標誌,但通常伴隨着氣候轉冷或乾旱。
No. | 距今 |
年份 |
備註 |
---|---|---|---|
0 | ≈ 500 | ≈ 1500 AD | 參見小冰期[12] |
1 | ≈ 1,400 | ≈ 600 AD | 參見民族大遷徙[12] 和古典晚期小冰期 |
2 | ≈ 2,800 | ≈ 800 BC | 參見鐵器時代冷期 |
3 | ≈ 4,200 | ≈ 2200 BC | 參見4.2千年事件;阿卡德帝國滅亡,埃及古王國時期結束[13][14] |
4 | ≈ 5,900 | ≈ 3900 BC | 參見5.9千年事件;撒哈拉沙漠在公元前3500–3000年間重新形成,早期青銅時代約開始於公元前3300年 |
5 | ≈ 8,200 | ≈ 6200 BC | 參見8.2千年事件 |
6 | ≈ 9,400 | ≈ 7400 BC | 挪威的冰川進行埃爾達倫活動[15],中國氣候變冷[16] |
7 | ≈ 10,300 | ≈ 8300 BC | |
8 | ≈ 11,100 | ≈ 9100 BC | 新仙女木期結束,進入北方時期[17] |
對區域氣候的影響
[編輯]在南美洲中部安地斯山脈等偏遠地區發現了邦德事件。
在熱帶安第斯山脈的三個冰芯記錄中,已經確定了全新世早期和全新世中期期間多達六個邦德旋迴。 這些記錄是從薩哈馬火山、瓦斯卡蘭山和伊宜馬尼峰的山峰中提取的。 探測到的周期為距今6,400年、距今5500年、距今3,700年、距今2,700年、距今1,300年和距今200年並表示溫度下降。
參見
[編輯]參考
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Bond, G.; et al. Persistent Solar Influence on North Atlantic Climate During the Holocene. Science. 2001, 294 (5549): 2130–2136. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.2130B. PMID 11739949. S2CID 38179371. doi:10.1126/science.1065680.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Obrochta, Stephen P.; Miyahara, Hiroko; Yokoyama, Yusuke; Crowley, Thomas J. A re-examination of evidence for the North Atlantic "1500-year cycle" at Site 609. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2012-11-08, 55: 23–33 [2022-04-09]. Bibcode:2012QSRv...55...23O. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.08.008. (原始內容存檔於2022-04-07).
- ^ Bond, G.; et al. A Pervasive Millennial-Scale Cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial Climates (PDF). Science. 1997, 278 (5341): 1257–1266. Bibcode:1997Sci...278.1257B. doi:10.1126/science.278.5341.1257. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2008-02-27).
- ^ Svensson, A.; Andersen, K. K.; Bigler, M.; Clausen, H. B.; Dahl-Jensen, D.; Davies, S. M.; Johnsen, S. J.; Muscheler, R.; Parrenin, F. A 60 000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology (PDF). Clim. Past. 2008-03-31, 4 (1): 47–57 [2022-04-09]. Bibcode:2008CliPa...4...47S. doi:10.5194/cp-4-47-2008 . (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2020-06-09).
- ^ Ditlevsen, P. D.; Andersen, K. K.; Svensson, A. The DO-climate events are probably noise induced: statistical investigation of the claimed 1470 years cycle. Clim. Past. 2007-02-28, 3 (1): 129–134. Bibcode:2007CliPa...3..129D. doi:10.5194/cp-3-129-2007 .
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