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邦德事件

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近12,000年的全球气温变化图

邦德事件(英語:Bond event),又称1500年气候周期,是指北大西洋冰筏活动,与全新世以来全球气候变化有关。目前已发生八起邦德活动,周期在1,000-1,500年之间[1][2]

杰拉德·C·邦德通过哥伦比亚大学拉蒙特-多爾蒂地球觀測所做了一系列北大西洋岩石轨迹的研究,于1997年发表论文,认为晚更新世以来全球气候存在1470年的周期性波动[1][3]。然而此后的研究结果表明,支持此气候循环的证据不多[2]

此外,2005年格陵兰岛冰芯英语ice core数据显示[4],这种气候变化与丹斯伽阿德-厄施格尔周期没有太大关联[2][5][6]。北大西洋冰筏活动与美国靠近大西洋地区湖泊水位下降有关,和中东地区持续55,000年的干旱也有部分关联[7][8][9][10][11]

列表

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邦德活动概况

大多数邦德活动没有明显的气候变化标志,但通常伴随着气候转冷或干旱。

No. 距今
年份
备注
0 ≈ 500 ≈ 1500 AD 参见小冰期[12]
1 ≈ 1,400 ≈ 600 AD 参见民族大遷徙[12]古典晚期小冰期英语Late Antique Little Ice Age
2 ≈ 2,800 ≈ 800 BC 参见铁器时代冷期英语Iron Age Cold Epoch
3 ≈ 4,200 ≈ 2200 BC 参见4.2千年事件阿卡德帝国灭亡,埃及古王國時期结束[13][14]
4 ≈ 5,900 ≈ 3900 BC 参见5.9千年事件撒哈拉沙漠在公元前3500–3000年间重新形成,早期青铜时代约开始于公元前3300年
5 ≈ 8,200 ≈ 6200 BC 参见8.2千年事件
6 ≈ 9,400 ≈ 7400 BC 挪威冰川进行埃尔达伦活动[15],中国气候变冷[16]
7 ≈ 10,300 ≈ 8300 BC
8 ≈ 11,100 ≈ 9100 BC 新仙女木期结束,进入北方时期英语Boreal (age)[17]

對區域氣候的影響

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全新世氧18和氘的冰記錄來自薩哈馬火山、瓦斯卡蘭山和伊宜馬尼峰。 箭頭顯示可能與邦德事件有關的溫度下降。

在南美洲中部安地斯山脈等偏遠地區發現了邦德事件。

在熱帶安第斯山脈的三個冰芯記錄中,已經確定了全新世早期和全新世中期期間多達六個邦德旋回。 這些記錄是從薩哈馬火山瓦斯卡蘭山伊宜馬尼峰的山峰中提取的。 探測到的周期為距今6,400年、距今5500年、距今3,700年、距今2,700年、距今1,300年和距今200年並表示溫度下降。

參見

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参考

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Bond, G.; et al. Persistent Solar Influence on North Atlantic Climate During the Holocene. Science. 2001, 294 (5549): 2130–2136. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.2130B. PMID 11739949. S2CID 38179371. doi:10.1126/science.1065680. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Obrochta, Stephen P.; Miyahara, Hiroko; Yokoyama, Yusuke; Crowley, Thomas J. A re-examination of evidence for the North Atlantic "1500-year cycle" at Site 609. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2012-11-08, 55: 23–33 [2022-04-09]. Bibcode:2012QSRv...55...23O. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.08.008. (原始内容存档于2022-04-07). 
  3. ^ Bond, G.; et al. A Pervasive Millennial-Scale Cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial Climates (PDF). Science. 1997, 278 (5341): 1257–1266. Bibcode:1997Sci...278.1257B. doi:10.1126/science.278.5341.1257. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-02-27). 
  4. ^ Svensson, A.; Andersen, K. K.; Bigler, M.; Clausen, H. B.; Dahl-Jensen, D.; Davies, S. M.; Johnsen, S. J.; Muscheler, R.; Parrenin, F. A 60 000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology (PDF). Clim. Past. 2008-03-31, 4 (1): 47–57 [2022-04-09]. Bibcode:2008CliPa...4...47S. doi:10.5194/cp-4-47-2008可免费查阅. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-06-09). 
  5. ^ Ditlevsen, P. D.; Andersen, K. K.; Svensson, A. The DO-climate events are probably noise induced: statistical investigation of the claimed 1470 years cycle. Clim. Past. 2007-02-28, 3 (1): 129–134. Bibcode:2007CliPa...3..129D. doi:10.5194/cp-3-129-2007可免费查阅. 
  6. ^ Obrochta, Stephen P.; Yokoyama, Yusuke; Morén, Jan; Crowley, Thomas J. Conversion of GISP2-based sediment core age models to the GICC05 extended chronology. Quaternary Geochronology. 2014-04-01, 20: 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2013.09.001. 
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  10. ^ Bartov, Yuval; Goldstein, Steven L.; Stein, Mordechai; Enzel, Yehouda. Catastrophic arid episodes in the Eastern Mediterranean linked with the North Atlantic Heinrich events. Geology英语Geology (journal). 2003, 31 (5): 439–442. Bibcode:2003Geo....31..439B. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0439:CAEITE>2.0.CO;2. 
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  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Zhao, Keliang; et al. Climatic variations over the last 4000 cal yr BP in the western margin of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, reconstructed from pollen data. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2012,. 321–322: 16–23. Bibcode:2012PPP...321...16Z. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.01.012. 
  13. ^ Gibbons, Ann. How the Akkadian Empire Was Hung Out to Dry. Science. 1993, 261 (5124): 985. Bibcode:1993Sci...261..985G. PMID 17739611. doi:10.1126/science.261.5124.985. 
  14. ^ Stanley, Jean-Daniel; et al. Nile flow failure at the end of the Old Kingdom, Egypt: Strontium isotopic and petrologic evidence. Geoarchaeology. 2003, 18 (3): 395–402 [2022-04-09]. doi:10.1002/gea.10065. (原始内容存档于2022-04-28). 
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