1938年—1939年德国远征西藏

1938年4月—1939年8月，一支德国远征队在西藏进行探险。此次远征由德国动物学家、党卫队军官恩斯特·舍费尔率领，并得到了党卫军领袖海因里希·希姆莱的赞助和党卫军附属组织祖先遗产学会的支持^[1]。这是德国首支正式深入西藏并到达拉萨的远征队^[2]^[3]。

除舍费尔外，远征队成员还包括埃德蒙·格尔（Edmund Geer；技术人员）、恩斯特·克劳泽（昆虫学家、摄影师）、卡尔·维纳特（德语：Karl Wienert）（地质学家）和布鲁诺·贝格尔（英语：Bruno Beger）（种族学家）^[4]^[5]。

探险队到达英属印度与锡金后，于1938年10月越过藏印边境，1939年1月19日抵达拉萨，并在那里停留了两个月。他们在拉萨郊外受到了国民政府蒙藏委员会咨议张威白的迎接^[6]^[7]。队员们与西藏精英人士建立了良好的关系，其中包括摄政热振·图旦绛白益西丹巴坚赞^[8]。他们收集了大量的植物和动物，并进行了地磁测量以及民族学和人类学观察。

由于纳粹德国的地缘战略和种族主义目标，此次探险的真正科学意义存在争议。

参考文献

^ "Schäfer cannily had a letterhead printed. It read DEUTSCHE TIBET EXPEDITION ERNST SCHÄFER in large letters, then 'under the patronage of the Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler and in connection with the Ahnenerbe' in small letters" (Hale 2003).
^ "They are the first official German expédition to enter Tibet and reach Lhasa, its holy city" (Hale 2003).
^ McKay 2003，第188页.
^ "Everyone of the five German scientists was also an officer in the SS" (Hale 2003).
^ "Schäfer […] was a fastidious zoologist with a passion for Tibetan birds. […] . Ernst Krause was a botanist and entomologist; Karl Wienert was a geographer whose task was to measure variations in the earth’s magnetic field in the Himalayas; and Bruno Beger was an anthropologist who would spend his time in Tibet measuring the heads and bodies of its people" (Hale 2003).
^ Hsiao-Ting Lin, Tibet And Nationalist China's Frontier: Intrigues And Ethnopolitics, 1928-49, p. 82 : List of Nationalist Chinese Representatives at Lhasa. […] Technician of the Chinese wireless station in Lhassa. Served as acting representative.
^ "One of them would greet the humiliated Ernst Schäfer outside Lhasa five years later. His name was Chang Wei-pei, and he was said to be something of an oddball and an opium addict" (Hale 2003，第150页).
^ "By now the expedition had spent more than two monts in Lhasa and they had become honoured guests and friends of the city's elite. […] By now the Germans were on very good terms with Reting" (Hale 2003).

书目

McKay, Alex. Tibet and Her Neighbours : A History. Hansjörg Mayer. 2003. ISBN 3883757187.
Hale, Christopher. John Wiley & Sons , 编. Himmler's Crusade. The Nazi Expedition to Find the Origins of the Aryan Race. Hoboken (New Jersey. 2003. ISBN 0-471-26292-7 （英语）.

外部链接

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：1938年—1939年德国远征西藏

[Hale_1-1] "Schäfer cannily had a letterhead printed. It read DEUTSCHE TIBET EXPEDITION ERNST SCHÄFER in large letters, then 'under the patronage of the Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler and in connection with the Ahnenerbe' in small letters" (Hale 2003).

[2] "They are the first official German expédition to enter Tibet and reach Lhasa, its holy city" (Hale 2003).

[FOOTNOTEMcKay2003188-3] McKay 2003，第188页.

[4] "Everyone of the five German scientists was also an officer in the SS" (Hale 2003).

[5] "Schäfer […] was a fastidious zoologist with a passion for Tibetan birds. […] . Ernst Krause was a botanist and entomologist; Karl Wienert was a geographer whose task was to measure variations in the earth’s magnetic field in the Himalayas; and Bruno Beger was an anthropologist who would spend his time in Tibet measuring the heads and bodies of its people" (Hale 2003).

[6] Hsiao-Ting Lin, Tibet And Nationalist China's Frontier: Intrigues And Ethnopolitics, 1928-49, p. 82 : List of Nationalist Chinese Representatives at Lhasa. […] Technician of the Chinese wireless station in Lhassa. Served as acting representative.

[7] "One of them would greet the humiliated Ernst Schäfer outside Lhasa five years later. His name was Chang Wei-pei, and he was said to be something of an oddball and an opium addict" (Hale 2003，第150页).

[Hale_2-8] "By now the expedition had spent more than two monts in Lhasa and they had become honoured guests and friends of the city's elite. […] By now the Germans were on very good terms with Reting" (Hale 2003).

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规范控制数据库
国际	VIAF
各地	以色列美国