苍背山雀

苍背山雀
	一只印度的苍背山雀
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	鸟纲 Aves
目：	雀形目 Passeriformes
科：	山雀科 Paridae
属：	山雀属 Parus
种：	苍背山雀 P. cinereus
二名法
	Parus cinereus; Vieillot, 1818
	分布范围以灰色标示
异名
	Parus major pro parte; Parus atriceps

苍背山雀（学名：Parus cinereus）是山雀属下的一种鸟类，是由原来被当做是大山雀亚种的几种山雀合并形成的。其特征为白腹灰背，而大山雀则是黄腹绿背^[3]^[4]。它主要分布于西亚到南亚及东南亚的广大地区。

分类

苍背山雀原为大山雀亚种^[3]^[5]^[6]，其成年体均为白腹灰背，但幼年体与大山雀更为接近^[7]。不同地区之间的苍背山雀背部灰色有差异，此外体型大小和尾巴上的白色部分也有差别。不过这主要是环境原因而导致的渐变。^[8]^[9]

参考文献

^ Baker, ECS. Birds. Records of the Indian Museum. 1913, 8: 259–288.
^ Eck S; J Martens. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 49. A preliminary review of the Aegithalidae, Remizidae and Paridae. Zoologische Mededelingen. 2006, 80–5 [2018-05-10]. （原始内容存档于2012-02-24）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Packert, Martin; Jochen Martens; Siegfried Eck; Alexander A Nazarenko; Olga P. Valchuk; Bernd Petri; Michael Veith. The great tit (Parus major) – a misclassified ring species. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2005, 86 (2): 153–174. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00529.x.
^ Kvist, Laura; Jochen Martens; Hiroyoshi Higuchi; Alexander A Nazarenko; Olga P Valchuk & Markku Orell. Evolution and genetic structure of the great tit (Parus major) complex. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2003, 270 (1523): 1447–1454. PMC 1691391 . PMID 12965008. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2321.
^ Blanford WT. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. Volume 1. Taylor and Francis, London. 1889: 73–79.
^ Packert, Martin; Jochen Martens. Taxonomic pitfalls in tits – comments on the Paridae chapter of the Handbook of the Birds of the World (PDF). Ibis. 2008, 154 (4): 829–831 [2018-05-10]. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00871.x. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-02-22）.
^ Baker, ECS. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds 1 2nd. Taylor and Francis, London. 1924: 74–78.
^ Hartert, Ernst. Miscellanea Ornithologica; Critical, nomenclatorial, and other notes, mostly on Palaearctic birds and their allies. Part II. Novitates Zoologicae. 1905, 12: 497–503.
^ Baker, ECS. Handlist of the birds of the Indian Empire. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1920, 27 (2): 228–247.

外部链接

Worldbird names （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Internet Bird Collection （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] Baker, ECS. Birds. Records of the Indian Museum. 1913, 8: 259–288.

[2] Eck S; J Martens. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 49. A preliminary review of the Aegithalidae, Remizidae and Paridae. Zoologische Mededelingen. 2006, 80–5 [2018-05-10]. （原始内容存档于2012-02-24）.

[split-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Packert, Martin; Jochen Martens; Siegfried Eck; Alexander A Nazarenko; Olga P. Valchuk; Bernd Petri; Michael Veith. The great tit (Parus major) – a misclassified ring species. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2005, 86 (2): 153–174. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00529.x.

[4] Kvist, Laura; Jochen Martens; Hiroyoshi Higuchi; Alexander A Nazarenko; Olga P Valchuk & Markku Orell. Evolution and genetic structure of the great tit (Parus major) complex. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2003, 270 (1523): 1447–1454. PMC 1691391 . PMID 12965008. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2321.

[fbi-5] Blanford WT. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. Volume 1. Taylor and Francis, London. 1889: 73–79.

[6] Packert, Martin; Jochen Martens. Taxonomic pitfalls in tits – comments on the Paridae chapter of the Handbook of the Birds of the World (PDF). Ibis. 2008, 154 (4): 829–831 [2018-05-10]. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00871.x. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-02-22）.

[fbi2-7] Baker, ECS. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds 1 2nd. Taylor and Francis, London. 1924: 74–78.

[8] Hartert, Ernst. Miscellanea Ornithologica; Critical, nomenclatorial, and other notes, mostly on Palaearctic birds and their allies. Part II. Novitates Zoologicae. 1905, 12: 497–503.

[9] Baker, ECS. Handlist of the birds of the Indian Empire. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1920, 27 (2): 228–247.

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