雙環辛四烯合錒系元素

雙環辛四烯合鈾的分子表示方法，其中有一個U原子被兩個COT^2-配體夾住

雙環辛四烯合錒系元素是一類有機錒系元素化合物（英語：Organoactinide chemistry），包含以錒系元素為中心的茂金屬。它們通常呈夾心結構，裡面有兩個環辛四烯基配體（COT^2-，即C
8H2−
8）與4價錒系元素（An）中心結合，因此通式為An(C₈H₈)₂。^[1]^[2]

性質已知的雙環辛四烯合錒系元素


名稱	化學式	An中心	首次合成	晶體顏色	An–COT距離（Å）	空間群
雙環辛四烯合釷	Th(C₈H₈)₂	Th	1969年	鮮黃色	2.004	P2₁/n
雙環辛四烯合鏷	Pa(C₈H₈)₂	Pa	1974年	淡黃色	–	P2₁/n
雙環辛四烯合鈾	U(C₈H₈)₂	U	1968年	深綠色	1.926	P2₁/n
雙環辛四烯合錼	Np(C₈H₈)₂	Np	1970年	黃棕色	1.909	P2₁/n
雙環辛四烯合鈽	Pu(C₈H₈)₂	Pu	1970年	深紅色	1.898	I2/m

其中得到最多研究的化合物是雙環辛四烯合鈾（U(C₈H₈)₂）。它於1968年合成，是該系列中第一個得到合成的成員，至今仍被視為原型。^[2]^[3]該系列中其他得到合成的成員為雙環辛四烯合鏷^[4]（Pa(C₈H₈)_2）、雙環辛四烯合釷^[5]（Th(C₈H₈)₂）、雙環辛四烯合錼^[6]（Np(C₈H₈)₂）和雙環辛四烯鈽^[7]^[8]（Pu(C₈H₈)₂）。由於雙環辛四烯合錼和雙環辛四烯合鈽的輻射危害可以很嚴重，它們自1980年代以來就沒有得到廣泛的實驗研究。^[9]^[10]

其他雙環辛四烯合元素

鑭系元素（M(C₈H₈)_2，M = Nd、Tb和Yb）也存在類似的夾心化合物，但其中鍵合主要是離子鍵而不是共價鍵（參見雙環辛四烯合鑭系元素）。^[3]

參見

有機錒系元素化學

參考文獻

^ Minasian, Stefan G.; Keith, Jason M. New evidence for 5f covalency in actinocenes determined from carbon K-edge XAS and electronic structure theory. Chem. Sci. 2014, 5 (1): 351–359 [2022-12-01]. doi:10.1039/C3SC52030G. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-01）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan. Chemistry of the Elements. Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997: 1278–1280. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Seyferth, D. Uranocene. The First Member of a New Class of Organometallic Derivatives of the f Elements. Organometallics. 2004, 23 (15): 3562–3583. doi:10.1021/om0400705 .
^ Goffart, J.; Fuger, J.; Brown, D.; Duyckaerts, G. On the cyclooctatetraenyl compounds of actinide elements part II. Bis-(cyclooctatetraenyl) protactinium(IV). Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 1974-05-01, 10 (5): 413–419. ISSN 0020-1650. doi:10.1016/0020-1650(74)80119-4 （英語）.
^ Avdeef, Alex; Raymond, Kenneth N.; Hodgson, Keith O.; Zalkin, Allan. Two isostructural actinide .pi. complexes. Crystal and molecular structure of bis(cyclooctatetraenyl)uranium(IV), U(C8H8)2, and bis(cyclooctatetraenyl)thorium(IV), Th(C8H8)2. Inorganic Chemistry. 1972-05-01, 11 (5): 1083–1088. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic50111a034.
^ De Ridder, D. J. A.; Rebizant, J.; Apostolidis, C.; Kanellakopulos, B.; Dornberger, E. Bis(cyclooctatetraenyl)neptunium(IV). Acta Crystallographica Section C: Crystal Structure Communications. 1996-03-15, 52 (3): 597–600 [2022-12-01]. ISSN 0108-2701. doi:10.1107/S0108270195013047. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-01）（英語）.
^ Windorff, Cory J.; Sperling, Joseph M.; Albrecht-Schönzart, Thomas E.; Bai, Zhuanling; Evans, William J.; Gaiser, Alyssa N.; Gaunt, Andrew J.; Goodwin, Conrad A. P.; Hobart, David E.; Huffman, Zachary K.; Huh, Daniel N. A Single Small-Scale Plutonium Redox Reaction System Yields Three Crystallographically-Characterizable Organoplutonium Complexes. Inorganic Chemistry. 2020-09-21, 59 (18): 13301–13314 [2022-12-01]. ISSN 0020-1669. OSTI 1680020. PMID 32910649. S2CID 221623763. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01671. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-01）（英語）.
^ Apostolidis, Christos; Walter, Olaf; Vogt, Jochen; Liebing, Phil; Maron, Laurent; Edelmann, Frank T. A Structurally Characterized Organometallic Plutonium(IV) Complex. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2017-04-24, 56 (18): 5066–5070. PMC 5485009 . PMID 28371148. doi:10.1002/anie.201701858 （英語）.
^ Windorff, Cory J.; Sperling, Joseph M.; Albrecht-Schönzart, Thomas E.; Bai, Zhuanling; Evans, William J.; Gaiser, Alyssa N.; Gaunt, Andrew J.; Goodwin, Conrad A. P.; Hobart, David E.; Huffman, Zachary K.; Huh, Daniel N. A Single Small-Scale Plutonium Redox Reaction System Yields Three Crystallographically-Characterizable Organoplutonium Complexes. Inorganic Chemistry. 2020-09-21, 59 (18): 13301–13314 [2022-12-01]. ISSN 0020-1669. OSTI 1680020. PMID 32910649. S2CID 221623763. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01671. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-01）（英語）.
^ Apostolidis, Christos; Walter, Olaf; Vogt, Jochen; Liebing, Phil; Maron, Laurent; Edelmann, Frank T. A Structurally Characterized Organometallic Plutonium(IV) Complex. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2017-04-24, 56 (18): 5066–5070. PMC 5485009 . PMID 28371148. doi:10.1002/anie.201701858 （英語）.

[1] Minasian, Stefan G.; Keith, Jason M. New evidence for 5f covalency in actinocenes determined from carbon K-edge XAS and electronic structure theory. Chem. Sci. 2014, 5 (1): 351–359 [2022-12-01]. doi:10.1039/C3SC52030G. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-01）.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan. Chemistry of the Elements. Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997: 1278–1280. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[Seyferth-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Seyferth, D. Uranocene. The First Member of a New Class of Organometallic Derivatives of the f Elements. Organometallics. 2004, 23 (15): 3562–3583. doi:10.1021/om0400705 .

[4] Goffart, J.; Fuger, J.; Brown, D.; Duyckaerts, G. On the cyclooctatetraenyl compounds of actinide elements part II. Bis-(cyclooctatetraenyl) protactinium(IV). Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 1974-05-01, 10 (5): 413–419. ISSN 0020-1650. doi:10.1016/0020-1650(74)80119-4 （英語）.

[5] Avdeef, Alex; Raymond, Kenneth N.; Hodgson, Keith O.; Zalkin, Allan. Two isostructural actinide .pi. complexes. Crystal and molecular structure of bis(cyclooctatetraenyl)uranium(IV), U(C8H8)2, and bis(cyclooctatetraenyl)thorium(IV), Th(C8H8)2. Inorganic Chemistry. 1972-05-01, 11 (5): 1083–1088. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic50111a034.

[6] De Ridder, D. J. A.; Rebizant, J.; Apostolidis, C.; Kanellakopulos, B.; Dornberger, E. Bis(cyclooctatetraenyl)neptunium(IV). Acta Crystallographica Section C: Crystal Structure Communications. 1996-03-15, 52 (3): 597–600 [2022-12-01]. ISSN 0108-2701. doi:10.1107/S0108270195013047. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-01）（英語）.

[:32-7] Windorff, Cory J.; Sperling, Joseph M.; Albrecht-Schönzart, Thomas E.; Bai, Zhuanling; Evans, William J.; Gaiser, Alyssa N.; Gaunt, Andrew J.; Goodwin, Conrad A. P.; Hobart, David E.; Huffman, Zachary K.; Huh, Daniel N. A Single Small-Scale Plutonium Redox Reaction System Yields Three Crystallographically-Characterizable Organoplutonium Complexes. Inorganic Chemistry. 2020-09-21, 59 (18): 13301–13314 [2022-12-01]. ISSN 0020-1669. OSTI 1680020. PMID 32910649. S2CID 221623763. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01671. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-01）（英語）.

[:12-8] Apostolidis, Christos; Walter, Olaf; Vogt, Jochen; Liebing, Phil; Maron, Laurent; Edelmann, Frank T. A Structurally Characterized Organometallic Plutonium(IV) Complex. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2017-04-24, 56 (18): 5066–5070. PMC 5485009 . PMID 28371148. doi:10.1002/anie.201701858 （英語）.

[:3-9] Windorff, Cory J.; Sperling, Joseph M.; Albrecht-Schönzart, Thomas E.; Bai, Zhuanling; Evans, William J.; Gaiser, Alyssa N.; Gaunt, Andrew J.; Goodwin, Conrad A. P.; Hobart, David E.; Huffman, Zachary K.; Huh, Daniel N. A Single Small-Scale Plutonium Redox Reaction System Yields Three Crystallographically-Characterizable Organoplutonium Complexes. Inorganic Chemistry. 2020-09-21, 59 (18): 13301–13314 [2022-12-01]. ISSN 0020-1669. OSTI 1680020. PMID 32910649. S2CID 221623763. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01671. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-01）（英語）.

[:1-10] Apostolidis, Christos; Walter, Olaf; Vogt, Jochen; Liebing, Phil; Maron, Laurent; Edelmann, Frank T. A Structurally Characterized Organometallic Plutonium(IV) Complex. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2017-04-24, 56 (18): 5066–5070. PMC 5485009 . PMID 28371148. doi:10.1002/anie.201701858 （英語）.

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